Artificial Neural Networks Based SRGM
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a computational paradigm that is inspired by the behavior of biological nervous systems, such as the brain, to process information. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing
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P. K. Kapur H. Pham A. Gupta P. C. Jha
Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications
Springer Series in Reliability Engineering
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6917
P. K. Kapur H. Pham A. Gupta P. C. Jha •
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Software Reliability Assessment with OR Applications
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Prof. P. K. Kapur Faculty of Mathematical Sciences Department of Operational Research University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. A. Gupta Faculty of Mathematical Sciences Department of Operational Research University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. H. Pham Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Rutgers University Frelinghuysen Road 96 Piscataway, NJ 08854-8018 USA e-mail: [email protected]
Dr. P. C. Jha Faculty of Mathematical Sciences Department of Operational Research University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1614-7839 ISBN 978-0-85729-203-2
e-ISBN 978-0-85729-204-9
DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-204-9 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Advances in software technologies have promoted the growth of computer-related applications to a great extent. The proliferation of Internet has gone far beyond even the most optimistic forecasts. Computers and computer-based systems pervade every aspect of our daily lives. This has benefited society and increased our productivity, but it has also made our lives critically dependent on their correct functioning. Successful operation of any computer system depends largely on its software components. In the past three decades abilities to design, test and maintain software have grown fairly, but the size and design complexities of the software have also increased manyfolds, and the trend wil
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