Artificial Neural Networks in Vehicular Pollution Modelling

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are parallel computational models, comprising of interconnected adaptive processing units (neurons) have the capability to predict accurately the dispersive behavior of vehicular pollutants under complex environmen

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Mukesh Khare, S.M. Shiva Nagendra Artificial Neural Networks in Vehicular Pollution Modelling

Studies in Computational Intelligence, Volume 41 Editor-in-chief Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw Poland E-mail: [email protected] Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage: springer.com Vol. 26. Nadia Nedjah, Luiza de Macedo Mourelle (Eds.) Swarm Intelligent Systems, 2006 ISBN 3-540-33868-3 Vol. 27. Vassilis G. Kaburlasos Towards a Unified Modeling and KnowledgeRepresentation based on Lattice Theory, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34169-2 Vol. 28. Brahim Chaib-draa, J¨org P. M¨uller (Eds.) Multiagent based Supply Chain Management, 2006 ISBN 3-540-33875-6 Vol. 29. Sai Sumathi, S.N. Sivanandam Introduction to Data Mining and its Application, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34689-9 Vol. 30. Yukio Ohsawa, Shusaku Tsumoto (Eds.) Chance Discoveries in Real World Decision Making, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34352-0 Vol. 31. Ajith Abraham, Crina Grosan, Vitorino Ramos (Eds.) Stigmergic Optimization, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34689-9 Vol. 32. Akira Hirose Complex-Valued Neural Networks, 2006 ISBN 3-540-33456-4 Vol. 33. Martin Pelikan, Kumara Sastry, Erick Cant´u-Paz (Eds.) Scalable Optimization via Probabilistic

Modeling, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34953-7 Vol. 34. Ajith Abraham, Crina Grosan, Vitorino Ramos (Eds.) Swarm Intelligence in Data Mining, 2006 ISBN 3-540-34955-3 Vol. 35. Ke Chen, Lipo Wang (Eds.) Trends in Neural Computation, 2007 ISBN 3-540-36121-9 Vol. 36. Ildar Batyrshin, Janusz Kacprzyk, Leonid Sheremetor, Lotfi A. Zadeh (Eds.) Preception-based Data Mining and Decision Making in Economics and Finance, 2006 ISBN 3-540-36244-4 Vol. 37. Jie Lu, Da Ruan, Guangquan Zhang (Eds.) E-Service Intelligence, 2007 ISBN 3-540-37015-3 Vol. 38. Art Lew, Holger Mauch Dynamic Programming, 2007 ISBN 3-540-37013-7 Vol. 39. Gregory Levitin (Ed.) Computational Intelligence in Reliability Engineering, 2007 ISBN 3-540-37367-5 Vol. 40. Gregory Levitin (Ed.) Computational Intelligence in Reliability Engineering, 2007 ISBN 3-540-37371-3 Vol. 41. Mukesh Khare, S.M. Shiva Nagendra Artificial Neural Networks in Vehicular Pollution Modelling, 2007 ISBN 3-540-37417-5

Mukesh Khare S.M. Shiva Nagendra

Artificial Neural Networks in Vehicular Pollution Modelling With 70 Figures and 69 Tables

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Mukesh Khare Professor in Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi-110 016, India At present: Atlantic LNG Chair Professor in Environmental Engineering, University of West Indies St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago E-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]

S.M. Shiva Nagendra Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai-600 036, India E-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933174 ISSN print edition: 1860-949X ISSN electronic edition: 1860-9503 ISBN-10 3-540-37417-5 Springer Berlin Heid