Artificial selection in breeding extensively enriched a functional allelic variation in TaPHS1 for pre-harvest sprouting
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Artificial selection in breeding extensively enriched a functional allelic variation in TaPHS1 for pre‑harvest sprouting resistance in wheat Shubing Liu1 · Danfeng Wang1 · Meng Lin2 · Sunish K. Sehgal3 · Lei Dong1 · Yuye Wu1 · Guihua Bai2,4 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes significant losses in wheat yield and quality worldwide. Previously, we cloned a PHS resistance gene, TaPHS1, and identified two causal mutations for reduced seed dormancy (SD) and increased PHS susceptibility. Here we identified a novel allelic variation of C to T transition in 3′-UTR of TaPHS1, which associated with reduced SD and PHS resistance. The T allele occurred in wild wheat progenitors and was likely the earliest functional mutation in TaPHS1 for PHS susceptibility. Allele frequency analysis revealed low frequency of the T allele in wild diploid and tetraploid wheat progenitors, but very high frequency in modern wheat cultivars and breeding lines, indicating that artificial selection quickly enriched the T allele during modern breeding. The T allele was significantly associated with short SD in both T. aestivum and T. durum, the two most cultivated species of wheat. This variation together with previously reported functional sequence variations co-regulated TaPHS1 expression levels and PHS resistance in different germplasms. Haplotype analysis of the four functional variations identified the best PHS resistance haplotype of TaPHS1. The resistance haplotype can be used in marker-assisted selection to transfer TaPHS1 to new wheat cultivars.
Introduction Hexaploid wheat is a widely cultivated, productive, and nutritionally important crop grown across most major agricultural regions of the world (Grogan et al. 2016). Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat, germination of kernels in Communicated by Andreas Graner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03700-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shubing Liu [email protected] * Guihua Bai [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
2
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
3
Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
4
USDA‑ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetic Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
plants occurs when warm and wet conditions are prevalent before harvest, causes significant losses in both yield and quality (Vetch et al. 2019; Imtiaz et al. 2008). The average annual losses due to PHS are approximately $100 million in Canada and more than $1 billion worldwide (DePauw et al. 2012). Seed dormancy (SD) is an important trait involved in domestication and also the major factor that contributes to PHS resistance in wheat.
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