Ascorbic acid mitigates cadmium-induced stress, and contributes to ionome stabilization in fission yeast
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ascorbic acid mitigates cadmium-induced stress, and contributes to ionome stabilization in fission yeast Alica Navrátilová 1 & Marek Kovár 2
&
Miroslava Požgajová 3
Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cadmium is a highly toxic environmental pollutant which through enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production triggers oxidative stress to the cell. Cell growth, a fundamental feature of all living organisms is closely connected to the cell shape and homeostasis. As these processes largely depend on cell fitness status and environmental conditions we have analyzed, the impact of different cadmium concentrations and the effect of ascorbic acid (ascorbate, AsA) supplementation on cell growth parameters, cell morphology, and ionome balance maintenance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that cadmium causes membrane lipid peroxidation resulting in cell shape alterations leading to growth impairment and through mineral elements disequilibrium affects ionome homeostasis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AsA recognized as one of the most prominent antioxidants, when overdosed, displays considerable pro-oxidant activity, though precise dosing of its supplementation is desired. We present here that AsA under efficacious concentration largely improves cell condition affected by cadmium. Although, we clearly demonstrate the beneficial feature of AsA, further studies are required to fully understand its protective nature on cell homeostasis maintenance under conditions of the broken environment. Keywords Ascorbic acid . Cadmium . Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Morphology . Ionome . Oxidative stress
Introduction A widespread inorganic environmental pollutant, cadmium (Cd) is a divalent metal with not known physiological function in living organisms. A variety of biochemical signaling pathways are activated in the organism exposed to Cd including signaling cascades regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) or Ca 2+ -dependent signaling pathways (Petrova et al. 2013). It has been previously described that mechanisms Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim * Miroslava Požgajová [email protected] 1
Department of Genetics and Breeding Biology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
2
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
3
AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
of cadmium toxicity elimination involve cadmium sequestration by metallothioneins and by chelation to GSH or to phytochelatin, the most prominent ways of cadmium detoxification by plants or yeasts. Additionally, cells use efflux pumps which are able to transport cadmium ions outside the cell (Vido et al. 2001; Loix et al. 2017). However, its excessive exp
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