Assay of 1-hydroxypyrene via aggregation-induced quenching of the fluorescence of protamine-modified gold nanoclusters a
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assay of 1-hydroxypyrene via aggregation-induced quenching of the fluorescence of protamine-modified gold nanoclusters and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene-based sensitization Jin-Hua Xue 1 & Ling Liu 1 & Yong-Sheng Wang 1
&
Jia-Qian Li 1 & Mei Li 1 & Yue-Ning Qu 1 & Le Li 1
Received: 21 April 2019 / Accepted: 9 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract This work describes a method for the determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (OH-Py) via aggregation-induced quenching of the emission of protamine-coated gold nanoclusters using 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (OH-Phe) as a sensitizer to boost the emission efficiency of nanoprobe. Under optimum conditions, the drop in fluorescence intensity at excitation/emission wavelengths of 300/596 nm is proportional to the concentrations of OH-Py in the range from 1.0 to 65 nM. The relative standard deviations are 4.2, 2.4 and 1.9% (for n = 11) at concentration levels of 8.0, 32 and 48 nM of OH-Py, respectively. The detection limit is 0.3 nM which is much lower than that of some previously reported methods. The recoveries from urine samples spiked with OH-Py ranged between 94.4 and 98.8%. Keywords Nanoprobe . Photoluminescence quenching . High quantum efficiency . Electrostatic interactions . Hydrogen bonding . Hydrophobic interaction . Resonance energy transfer . Human urine samples
Introduction Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (OH-Py) is one of the metabolites of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene, and it has been utilized as an useful biomarker for the estimating of animal and human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [2, 3]. Various approaches have been established for detecting urinary OH-Py, including gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) [4–6], matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry [7], liquid
Jin-Hua Xue and Ling Liu are the Co-first authors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3810-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yong-Sheng Wang [email protected] * Le Li [email protected] 1
College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People’s Republic of China
chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [8], electrochemical sensing [9–11], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-chemiluminescence [12], flow injection molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction [13], HPLC-fluorescence detection (HPLCFLD) [14], and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry [15–17]. Among above-mentioned methods, fluorescent strategy has stimulated great interest owing to its unique advantages of simplicity, sensitivity and low-cost [18]. Fortunately, noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have initiated an intriguing field to develop novel fluorescence nanoprobes. The features of NCs, such as easy synthesis, fluorescent controllability, large Stokes shift and low toxicity, make them as the attractive fluorescence nanoprobes for sensing applications [19, 20]. Althoug
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