Assessing community resilience, housing recovery and impact of mitigation strategies at the urban scale: a case study af
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Assessing community resilience, housing recovery and impact of mitigation strategies at the urban scale: a case study after the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquake Alberto Basaglia1 · Alessandra Aprile2 · Enrico Spacone1 · Luca Pelà3 Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this paper, the reconstruction process of a town affected by the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquake is analysed using information published on the town journal. Relevant aspects are highlighted, and the housing recovery is compared with that of a nearby city. Then, a what-if scenario is considered, by proposing a set of seismic mitigation strategies. These strategies are applied to a small sub-system of the city and the variation of the buildings’ vulnerability and expected damage is evaluated using a recently introduced methodology for risk assessments at the urban scale. Finally, a cost–benefit analysis is performed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. The analysis highlights a significant reduction in the expected damage and socioeconomic impact, as well as an increase in the overall performance of the urban system. Keywords Community resilience · Housing recovery · Seismic risk · Risk assessment · Risk mitigation
1 Introduction Major earthquakes are rare natural events whose consequences may last for decades. In most cases, this is due not only to the intensity of the event, but mostly to the fragility of the built environment (Smith 2006). Italy, for example, has one of the oldest building stocks in the world, with a considerable number of unreinforced masonry (URM) and reinforced concrete (RC) structures not designed according to modern seismic codes. For these reasons, major earthquakes have been causing not only severe life losses but also widespread damage that required the Central Government to allocate several billion Euros in
* Alberto Basaglia [email protected] 1
Department of Engineering and Geology, University of Chieti–Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
2
Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
3
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPCBarcelonaTech), Barcelona, Spain
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Disaster Relief Funds (DRFs) over the years, see Table 1 (Servizio Studi - Dipartimento ambiente 2009; Ufficio Valutazione Impatto 2017). What is striking is not only the total amount of allocated funding but also the long spans of the funding periods. These funds include direct losses, i.e. the costs related to the repair or replacement of buildings and infrastructures, and indirect losses, i.e. induced damage caused by the earthquake on the community (Brookshire et al. 1997). In general, major earthquakes may affect businesses by a variety of mechanisms, ranging from physical damage to property and assets, downtime with loss of revenue, and disruptions to labour supply, customers and suppliers (Brown et al. 2015). In particular, indi
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