Psychometric and conceptual analysis of the resilience at university scale
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Psychometric and conceptual analysis of the resilience at university scale Michelle Turner 1
&
Paul Bowen 2 & Peter Hayes 3,4 & Jacinta Ryan 3,4,5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study tested the confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) model of the Resilience at University (RAU) scale and considered the conceptual properties of the scale relative to students transitioning from the adolescent-to-adulthood psychological developmental stage. Survey data were obtained from 808 Australian undergraduate business students. Using the holdout sample (sub-sample B), the factorial structure of the set of 19 items loading onto a 7-factor structure demonstrated very good model fit and all factor loadings were significant. Evidence confirming the internal consistency of the scales was more equivocal. While the CFA confirms the validity of the seven-factor structure, the Cronbach’s alpha indicates issues within four of the seven subscales. It was identified that changes to four of the dimensions would help ensure that the RAU demonstrates both the validity and the reliability required for an effective scale for its intended population. To address the reliability issues, several of the subscales will benefit from additional items to better explicate the concepts concerned and to improve reliability. A key challenge, however, of developing a resilience measure for use with university students is the transitional psychological developmental stage of the undergraduate cohort. Keywords Resilience scale . Psychometric analysis . Students . University . Measurement . Adolescent-to-adulthood development
Introduction In 2017 Turner et al. (2017a) developed a resilience scale for use with university students. This was in response to a gap in the literature whereby no resilience scale had hitherto been specifically developed or routinely applied in a university setting. Furthermore, a limitation of the existing resilience * Michelle Turner [email protected] Paul Bowen [email protected] Peter Hayes [email protected] Jacinta Ryan [email protected] 1
RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
2
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
3
RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
4
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
5
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
measures was the capacity for results to be easily translated into practical actions which target resilience development in a university setting (Ijntema et al. 2019). The 19-item, 6-factor Resilience at University (RAU) measure was adapted from the 20-item, 7-factor Resilience at Work (RAW) scale (Winwood et al. 2013). The RAW scale was considered an appropriate measure to adapt to a university context as university students typically occupy a liminal position between high school and the workplace (Field and Morgan-Klein 2010). Similar to the workplace, university creates firm deadlines and expectations that require students to maintain focus, effort, and self-organisati
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