Assessing the Biological Value of Soluble Organic Fractions from Tomato Pomace Digestates
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessing the Biological Value of Soluble Organic Fractions from Tomato Pomace Digestates Andrea Manfredini 1 & Antonella Chiariotti 2 & Enrico Santangelo 3 & Emanuela Rossi 2 & Gianluca Renzi 2 & Maria Teresa Dell’Abate 1 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Anaerobic digestion is proposed for sustainable exploitation of the huge amounts of residues produced yearly by tomato processing. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological effects of water-soluble organic fractions of tomato pomace digestates applied on soil and plant, at a laboratory scale. Digestates are derived from a short-term dark fermentation batch experiment of tomato pomace and buffalo slurry at three decreasing ratios (12:1, 8:1, and 6:1, respectively Set 1, Set 2, and Set 3). Bioassays on soil and plant were carried out after addition of different amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) extracted from the three sets: microbial pool content, respiration activity, root development, and cell division were considered. Digestate from Set 1 showed the highest content of volatile fatty acids (about 80 mg UL−1), suggesting an efficient fermentation process which led to lower water solubility of organic substrates. The highest carbon mineralization rate in soil (4.29%) occurred with DOC additions from Set 1 (p < 0.05). A biostimulating effect to soil microbiota was shown (p < 0.05) by the metabolic quotient at the rate of 10 ppm DOC from both Set 1 (4.28 mg CO2 mg C mic−1 h−1) and Set 2 (3.84 mg CO2 mg C mic−1 h−1). Root length reduction (p < 0.05) was observed for Set 3 (about − 30%). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was detected in the micronuclei assay. Soluble organic forms of these digestates are a nutrient source for soil microorganism metabolism and at low doses show a hormonal-like action, without toxicological or genotoxicity effects on soil biota and root cell. Keywords Tomato pomace recycling . Digestates . Soil respiration . Soil microbial biomass . Dissolved organic carbon . Plant seedling and root growth
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00361-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria Teresa Dell’Abate [email protected] 1
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria – Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella 2/4, 00184 Rome, Italy
2
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria – Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Via Salaria 31, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
3
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria – Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via delle Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
Biogas production from agro-industrial wastes delivers two benefits: the environmental and economic impact of their disposal is reduced, and environm
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