Biological properties and genomic sequence of an isolate of cherry rasp leaf virus from tomato
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biological properties and genomic sequence of an isolate of cherry rasp leaf virus from tomato Sara A. Bratsch 1
&
Samuel Grinstead 2 & Benham Lockhart 1 & Dimitre Mollov 2
Received: 26 August 2019 / Accepted: 3 February 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) is found in the USA causing disease in Prunus and Malus spp. In 2016, symptomatic high tunnel grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) from Minnesota exhibiting viral symptoms were found to contain ~30 nm spherical particles. High throughput sequencing revealed two distinct viral contigs, attributed to RNA 1 (complete, MK952187) and RNA 2 (5′ partial, MK952188) of a new CRLV isolate. The isolate, denoted CRLV-tomato (CRLV-tom), shared 87–98% nucleotide identity with three previously sequenced isolates of CRLV from apple, potato, and elderberry. CRLV-tom was mechanically inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana and caused symptoms of interveinal necrotic line patterns three weeks after inoculation. Symptoms progressed into leaf rugosity and chlorosis ten weeks after inoculation. Inoculated greenhouse tomatoes were infected by CRLV, as detected by RT-PCR, but were asymptomatic indicating tomato host resistance genes and environmental conditions may impact symptom development in tomatoes. This is the first report of CRLV infecting tomato. Keywords Secoviridae . Comovirus . Cheravirus . Purification . Inoculation
Introduction Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the second most economically important vegetable in the USA, with an average per capita consumption of 20.3 lbs. fresh tomatoes and 73.3 lbs. processed tomatoes in 2017 (USDA-ERS 2018). In late 2016, high tunnel grown tomatoes (S. lycopersicum L. unknown cultivar) from Mower county Minnesota, USA were obtained with fruit expressing abnormal ripening and hard mesocarp (Fig. 1). A virus with isometric particles was found in symptomatic plants and diagnostic assays identified it as an isolate of CRLV. Cherry rasp leaf virus is a nematode-transmitted plant virus in the family Secoviridae, subfamily Comovirinae, and genus Cheravirus (Thompson et al. 2017). Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) is the causal agent of cherry rasp leaf disease in
* Sara A. Bratsch [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
2
USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
Prunus spp. and flat apple disease in Malus spp. (Hansen et al. 1974; Parish 1976, 1977). The host range of CRLV includes many domesticated and weedy species that are asymptomatic or express only minor symptoms including the plant families Amaranthaceae (Atriplex hortensis L., orache; Gomphrena globose L., globe amaranth), Asteraceae (Balsamorhiza sagittata Nutt., balsamroot; Taraxacum officinale, dandelion), Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbita maxima, Duchesne squash), Fabaceae (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, guar; Phaseolus vulgaris L., pinto bean; Sesbania exaltata, coffeeweed), Lamiaceae: Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Plan
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