Assessing the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines in the newly diagnosed systemic lupus Erythematosus patients: a
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Assessing the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines in the newly diagnosed systemic lupus Erythematosus patients: a focus on B cells Mitra Abbasifard1, Zahra Kamiab2,3, Mohammad Hasani1, Amir Rahnama4, Pooya Saeed-Askari1 and Hossein Khorramdelazad5*
Abstract Background: The immunosuppressive effects of regulatory B-cells (Bregs) and their immunosuppressive cytokines on immune responses in autoimmune disorders, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have been recently established. Therefore, the purpose of this article has been the exploration of the expressions of cytokines produced by B cells in newly diagnosed SLE patients. Results: The findings demonstrated that the gene expression of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, PD-L1, and FasL was significantly up-regulated in SLE patients compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Additionally, the results revealed that serum levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, PD-L1 were remarkably increased in patients with SLE compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). However, serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β decreased significantly with increasing SLEDAI score in studied patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-10 and TGF-β, might inhibit immune responses and autoreactive immune cells in a compensatory manner in SLE patients with mild to moderate disease activity. Keywords: Regulatory B-cells (Bregs), Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Anti-inflammatory cytokine
Background The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disease that is more common in women [1]. Evidence showed that genetic and environmental factors, including cigarette smoking, drugs, ultraviolet (UV) light, chemical substances, gut microbiota, and viral infections, could be involved in SLE onset [1, 2]. Regarding the existence of an imbalance between apoptosis and removal of apoptotic substances * Correspondence: [email protected] 5 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
in SLE patients, nuclear antigens such as histones, centromere proteins, single- and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ss- and ds-DNA), nucleosome, Smith antigen (Sm Ag), Ro and La proteins, as well as ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) become exposed to the immune system cells and components [3]. These autoantigens are able to stimulate B-cells to produce auto-antibodies such as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-doublestranded DNA (ds-DNA) antibody as well as other inflammatory mediators [4]. Previous studies revealed that regulatory immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B regs with immunosuppressive properties, are involved in the
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptat
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