Assessing the Feasibility of a Miniaturized Near-Infrared Spectrometer in Determining Quality Attributes of San Marzano
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Assessing the Feasibility of a Miniaturized Near-Infrared Spectrometer in Determining Quality Attributes of San Marzano Tomato Annamaria Castrignanò 1 & Gabriele Buttafuoco 2 & Cristina Malegori 3 Marija Stipic 5 & Giacoma Girone 1 & Accursio Venezia 5
&
Emiliano Genorini 4 & Raffaele Iorio 5 &
Received: 25 September 2018 / Accepted: 13 February 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The paper aimed to assess the feasibility of using a miniature near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer to determine quality attributes of tomato fruits. To reach this objective, a total of 300 tomato fruits of San Marzano variety coming from two different fields, cropped under two different regimes (integrated and organic), were collected and analyzed using a handheld spectrometer (MicroNIR 1700 by Viavi Solutions® working between 908 and 1650 nm). Simultaneously, several quality attributes were determined using reference methods: fresh weight, pH, dry matter, chromatic values, electrical conductivity, titratable acidity, and soluble solid content. Combining the spectra with chemical attributes, it was possible to understand that the best way for acquiring NIR data on tomato fruits is scanning the whole equatorial area, due to fruit heterogeneous internal structure. Moreover, after a proper data pre-processing, accurate predictive models were obtained using partial least square (PLS) regression to estimate physico-chemical properties of tomato in a rapid and non-destructive way. An impact of this comprehensive study is the possibility of determining tomato chemical attributes in real time, leading to a high-quality San Marzano tomato according to the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) legislation. Keywords Precision agriculture . Tomato . Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) . Near-infrared spectroscopy . Partial least square regression (PLS) . Handheld NIR device
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetables and widely produced in the world (Motamedzadegan and Tabarestani 2011) due to its high nutritional value, being
* Cristina Malegori [email protected] 1
CREA – AA Agriculture and Environment Research Center, Bari (BA), Italy
2
National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Rende (CS), Italy
3
DIFAR, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa (GE), Italy
4
Viavi Solutions, OSP BU, Via Torri Bianche 10, Vimercate (MB), Italy
5
CREA - OF Research Center for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano (SA), Italy
low in fat and calories, cholesterol-free, and rich in vitamins A and C. Moreover, it is also an important source of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, mainly lycopene and β-carotene. For lycopene, in particular, it was proved that it has a protective effect against carcinogens in the liver, brain, colon, breast, cervix, and prostate (Bramley 2000) and a preventive effect against coronary heart disease (Manson et al. 1993). The producti
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