Assessing the Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Evaluations of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Cancer Surviv
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Assessing the Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Evaluations of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Cancer Survivors Jessica Maras 1 & Ashley B. Murray 1 & Debra Boardley 1 & Emily Van Wasshenova 1 & Matthew T. Tull 1 & Janelle Tipton 1 & Andrew L. Geers 1 Published online: 3 June 2019 # International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019
Abstract Background Currently, little is known about the implicit evaluations that cancer survivors have for health behaviors, such as eating fruits and vegetables. Understanding both the implicit and explicit evaluations of fruit and vegetable consumption among cancer survivors may aid future interventions for changing motivations and intentions in this higher risk population. Methods A cross-sectional study at a university cancer center assessed explicit and implicit evaluations of fruit and vegetable consumption among 122 cancer survivors. The explicit evaluations regarding fruit and vegetable consumption were self-report data. To obtain implicit evaluations, participants completed an implicit evaluation task, the Affect Misattribution Paradigm. Moderating variables of time since first cancer treatment and if participants had a prior cancer occurrence were also self-reported. Results Simple correlations found no significant association between the implicit and explicit evaluations of fruit and vegetable consumption. Moderation regression analyses showed that the implicit and explicit evaluations became negatively associated as time since first treatment increased and when participants had a prior cancer occurrence. Conclusion The results support the view that implicit and explicit measures of fruit and vegetable consumption diverge for cancer survivors, consistent to implicit and explicit evaluations in other domains and samples. Further, the association between these evaluations differed depending on time since first treatment and if they have been treated for a prior cancer occurrence. By knowing more about implicit and explicit positive evaluations, and their moderators, it may be possible for interventionists to alter cancer survivors’ motivation and intention to eat fruits and vegetables. Keywords Cancer survivors . Cognitive beliefs . Eating behavior . Implicit . Oncology . Nutrition
Introduction * Andrew L. Geers [email protected] Jessica Maras [email protected] Ashley B. Murray [email protected] Debra Boardley [email protected] Emily Van Wasshenova [email protected] Matthew T. Tull [email protected] Janelle Tipton [email protected] 1
University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
Cancer survivors face elevated risk for cancer recurrence, the onset of other forms of cancer, and other chronic health conditions [1–3]. Importantly, healthy eating can reduce mortality and morbidity risks for cancer survivors [4]. For example, breast cancer recurrence is lower for women who eat the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables [5]. Diet quality in cancer survivors
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