Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome determined using the Korean Genome an
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome determined using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Miso Lim1 · Jihye Kim1 Received: 23 October 2018 / Accepted: 4 June 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose This study examined the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in middle-aged and older adults using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Methods A total of 5688 participants aged 40–69 years without MetS at baseline were recruited and followed for 8 years. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 4 years. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the risk of incident MetS and its components according to fruit and vegetable consumption. Results A total of 2067 participants (1020 men and 1047 women) developed MetS during the 8-year follow-up period. Frequent fruit consumers (≥ 4 servings/day) had a lower risk of incident MetS than did rare consumers (
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