Assessment and adjustment of sea surface salinity products from Aquarius in the southeast Indian Ocean based on in situ
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Assessment and adjustment of sea surface salinity products from Aquarius in the southeast Indian Ocean based on in situ measurement and MyOcean modeled data XIA Shenzhen1, 2, 3, KE Changqing1, 2, 3*, ZHOU Xiaobing4, ZHANG Jie5 1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing
210023, China 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, China 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China 4 Department of Geophysical Engineering, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT 59701, USA 5 The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
Received 24 January 2015; accepted 5 May 2015 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract
The in situ sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements from a scientific cruise to the western zone of the southeast Indian Ocean covering 30°–60°S, 80°–120°E are used to assess the SSS retrieved from Aquarius (Aquarius SSS). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) affect the SSS estimates based on passive microwave radiation within the mid- to low-latitude southeast Indian Ocean. The relationships among the in situ, Aquarius SSS and wind-SST corrections are used to adjust the Aquarius SSS. The adjusted Aquarius SSS are compared with the SSS data from MyOcean model. Results show that: (1) Before adjustment: compared with MyOcean SSS, the Aquarius SSS in most of the sea areas is higher; but lower in the low-temperature sea areas located at the south of 55°S and west of 98°E. The Aquarius SSS is generally higher by 0.42 on average for the southeast Indian Ocean. (2) After adjustment: the adjustment greatly counteracts the impact of high wind speeds and improves the overall accuracy of the retrieved salinity (the mean absolute error of the Zonal mean is improved by 0.06, and the mean error is 0.05 compared with MyOcean SSS). Near the latitude 42°S, the adjusted SSS is well consistent with the MyOcean and the difference is approximately 0.004. Key words: Aquarius, sea surface salinity (SSS), in situ SSS, MyOcean, comparison analysis, southeast Indian Ocean Citation: Xia Shenzhen, Ke Changqing, Zhou Xiaobing, Zhang Jie. 2015. Assessment and adjustment of sea surface salinity products from Aquarius in the southeast Indian Ocean based on in situ measurement and MyOcean modeled data. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(3): 54–62, doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0818-9
1 Introduction Oceans are a dominant component of the global water cycle; land runoff flows into the oceans, 78% and 86% of the world’s precipitation and evaporation, respectively, occur over the oceans (Schmitt, 2008). Currents in the oceans are mainly driven by the density variation of seawater that is in turn determined by the salinity and temperature. Ocean salinity is therefore one of the key variables for monitoring and modeling ocean circulation. Ocean circulation and global water cycle are two most
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