Assessment of a biofluid mechanics-based model for calculating portal pressure in canines
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Assessment of a biofluid mechanics-based model for calculating portal pressure in canines Jia-Yun Lin1†, Chi-Hao Zhang1†, Lei Zheng1†, Chen-Lu Song2†, Wen-Sheng Deng1, Yi-Ming Zhu1, Li Zheng3, Li-Zhong Wu4, Long-Ci Sun5* and Meng Luo1*
Abstract Background: Portal hypertension is a severe complication caused by various chronic liver diseases. The standard methods for detecting portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient and free portal pressure) are available in only a few hospitals due to their technical difficulty and invasiveness; thus, non-invasive measuring methods are needed. This study aimed to establish and assess a novel model to calculate free portal pressure based on biofluid mechanics. Result: Comparison of each dog’s virtual and actual free portal pressure showed that a biofluid mechanics-based model could accurately predict free portal pressure (mean difference: -0.220, 95% CI: − 0.738 to 0.298; upper limit of agreement: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.14; lower limit of agreement: -2.68, 95% CI: − 3.58 to − 1.78; intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99; concordance correlation coefficient: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99) and had a high AUC (0.984, 95% CI: 0.834 to 1.000), sensitivity (92.3, 95% CI: 64.0 to 99.8), specificity (91.7, 95% CI: 61.5 to 99.8), positive likelihood ratio (11.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 72.8), and low negative likelihood ratio (0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.6) for detecting portal hypertension. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the biofluid mechanics-based model was able to accurately predict free portal pressure and detect portal hypertension in canines. With further research and validation, this model might be applicable for calculating human portal pressure, detecting portal hypertensive patients, and evaluating disease progression and treatment efficacy. Keywords: Biofluid mechanics, Non-invasive, Portal hypertension, Portal pressure
Background Portal hypertension is known as a severe disease with a poor outcome. It can threaten people’s lives if the gastroesophageal varices rupture and are not treated in time [1, 2]. Portal pressure measurement is of great importance, because it is an effective method for evaluating liver disease * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Jia-Yun Lin, Chi-Hao Zhang, Lei Zheng and Chen-Lu Song contributed equally to this work. 5 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China 1 Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
progression [3]. However, the application of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and free portal pressure (FPP), the standard methods for detecting portal hypertension, are restricted due to technical difficulty and invasiveness [4–6]. Although there have been stu
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