Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
(2020) 49:17
Open Access
Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study Evan C. Compton1, Sumit K. Agrawal2,3, Hanif M. Ladak2,3,7, Sonny Chan4, Monica Hoy1, Steven C. Nakoneshny5, Lauren Siegel2, Joseph C. Dort1,5*† and Justin T. Lui6†
Abstract Background: Trainees in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery must gain proficiency in a variety of challenging temporal bone surgical techniques. Traditional teaching has relied on the use of cadavers; however, this method is resource-intensive and does not allow for repeated practice. Virtual reality surgical training is a growing field that is increasingly being adopted in Otolaryngology. CardinalSim is a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator that offers a high-quality, inexpensive adjunct to traditional teaching methods. The objective of this study was to establish the face and content validity of CardinalSim through a national study. Methods: Otolaryngologists and resident trainees from across Canada were recruited to evaluate CardinalSim. Ethics approval and informed consent was obtained. A face and content validity questionnaire with questions categorized into 13 domains was distributed to participants following simulator use. Descriptive statistics were used to describe questionnaire results, and either Chi-square or Fishers exact tests were used to compare responses between junior residents, senior residents, and practising surgeons. Results: Sixty-two participants from thirteen different Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery programs were included in the study (32 practicing surgeons; 30 resident trainees). Face validity was achieved for 5 out of 7 domains, while content validity was achieved for 5 out of 6 domains. Significant differences between groups (p-value of < 0.05) were found for one face validity domain (realistic ergonomics, p = 0.002) and two content validity domains (teaching drilling technique, p = 0.011 and overall teaching utility, p = 0.006). The assessment scores, global rating scores, and overall attitudes towards CardinalSim, were universally positive. Open-ended questions identified limitations of the simulator. Conclusion: CardinalSim met acceptable criteria for face and content validity. This temporal bone virtual reality surgical simulation platform may enhance surgical training and be suitable for patient-specific surgical rehearsal for practicing Otolaryngologists. Keywords: Face validity, Content validity, Virtual reality, Temporal bone, Dissection, Education, Patient-specific, Surgical simulation
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Joseph C. Dort and Justin T. Lui are co-senior authors 1 Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 5 Ohlson Research Initiative, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada Full list of author information is ava
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