Assessment of Power System Reliability Methods and Applications
The importance of power system reliability is demonstrated when our electricity supply is disrupted, whether it decreases the comfort of our free time at home or causes the shutdown of our companies and results in huge economic deficits. The objective of
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ˇ epin Marko C
Assessment of Power System Reliability Methods and Applications
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ˇ epin Prof. Dr. Marko C Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Trzaska 25 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia e-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-85729-687-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-688-7
e-ISBN 978-0-85729-688-7
Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To Alenka, Katarina and Irena
Preface
The importance of power system reliability, which is the subject of this book, is demonstrated, when people are confronted with the loss of electrical energy. This is true, no matter if the loss causes stopping of the production lines or even the shutdown of our companies, which can consequently cause huge economic deficits, or the loss of electrical energy only slightly decreases the comfort of our free time in our homes. Fortunately, such events happen rarely, because the reliability of modern power systems is high. Our aim for the reliability is connected to its constant improvement as this is in relation to the progress of the modern world. The objective of this book is to contribute to such improvement. The book is divided to six parts, which comprise 20 chapters. Part I of this book is related to introductory chapters comprising the background issues important to power system reliability. Chapter 1 briefly touches the history of power systems, which evolved from early days of discovering the electrical energy to today, and which is expected to be expanded in the future with new technologies, new features and new application fields. Chapter 2 presents short writing about selected blackouts, which are some of the main issues with which the power system reliability has to face. As the complexity of the systems increases in general, it is expected that the un
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