Assessment of solar energy potential and its deployment for cleaner production in Pakistan
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DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0736-9
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (8) 2020 Original Article DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0736-9 Keywords: · Cleaner production · Pakistan · Renewable energy · Sustainable development · Solar atlas
Correspondence to: Muhammad Mujahid Rafique [email protected]
Citation: Rafique, M. M., Rehman, S., Alhems, L. M. (2020). Assessment of solar energy potential and its deployment for cleaner production in Pakistan. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (8) (2020) ?~?. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0736-9
Received January 2nd, 2020 Revised
Assessment of solar energy potential and its deployment for cleaner production in Pakistan Muhammad M. Rafique1, S. Rehman2 and Luai M. Alhems2 1
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia, Center for Engineering Research, Research Institute, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the potential and outlook of solar energy in Pakistan as a source of renewable and sustainable energy. A detailed energy infrastructure and major reasons behind the power crisis in Pakistan are presented followed by a detailed assessment of solar energy potential. The results obtained from the solar atlas for solar irradiation and PV electricity output show a high potential of solar power throughout the country. An average value of 4.1 kWh/kWp per day is obtained from an installed capacity of 1 KWp. Furthermore, the total estimated potential of solar power in Pakistan is around 2900 GW and its effective use will help in the growth of the country’s economy by reducing the import of fossil fuels. It is foreseen that the present research will help nations develop and utilize solar power in their respective countries efficiently and effectively.
May 23rd, 2020
Accepted June 16th, 2020 † Recommended by Editor Yong Tae Kang
1. Introduction Globally increasing demand for energy and awareness on the degradation of the environment have forced people from all walks of life to consider and promote the utilization of ecofriendly and renewable sources of energy for power generation. Presently, new, clean, and renewable sources of energy like wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, geothermal, small and large hydro, tidal and wave, biomass, and municipal waste are being promoted for power generation. Of these energy sources, wind and solar have developed commercial acceptance and are being used on utility scales. The benefits of these clean and renewable sources of energy are twofold: reducing dependence on fossil fuel and restricting the emission of greenhouse gases [1]. The development of alternative energy sources has changed the trends of energy consumption over the past 15 years. The integration and share of renewable power is increasing at a rapid rate in many countries. The new investments and capacity addition plans of different countries have changed the landscape of energy infrastructure around the globe. Countries like Germany, UK, Italy, an
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