Assessment of the Carbon Footprint Across Urban Households in Kolkata

Almost all human activities cause CO2 emissions, which result in climate change through use of electricity; burning of wood, coal, kerosene, and gas for cooking and heating; and use of petrol or diesel for driving personal vehicles. From this viewpoint, e

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Rukhsana Anwesha Haldar Asraful Alam Lakshminarayan Satpati  Editors

Habitat, Ecology and Ekistics Case Studies of Human-Environment Interactions in India

Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research

Series Editors Prof. Marcus Nüsser, South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, Germany Editorial Board Prof. Eckart Ehlers, University of Bonn, Germany Prof. Harjit Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Prof. Hermann Kreutzmann, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Prof. Kenneth Hewitt, Waterloo University, Canada Prof. Urs Wiesmann, University of Bern, Switzerland Prof. Sarah J. Halvorson, The University of Montana, USA Dr. Daanish Mustafa, King's College London, UK

Aims and Scope The series aims at fostering the discussion on the complex relationships between physical landscapes, natural resources, and their modification by human land use in various environments of Asia. It is widely acknowledged that human-environment interactions become increasingly important in area studies and development research, taking into account regional differences as well as bio-physical, socioeconomic and cultural particularities. The book series seeks to explore theoretic and conceptual reflection on dynamic human-environment systems applying advanced methodology and innovative research perspectives. The main themes of the series cover urban and rural landscapes in Asia. Examples include topics such as land and forest degradation, glaciers in Asia, mountain environments, dams in Asia, medical geography, vulnerability and mitigation strategies, natural hazards and risk management concepts, environmental change, impacts studies and consequences for local communities. The relevant themes of the series are mainly focused on geographical research perspectives of area studies, however there is scope for interdisciplinary contributions. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8560

Rukhsana  •  Anwesha Haldar Asraful Alam • Lakshminarayan Satpati Editors

Habitat, Ecology and Ekistics Case Studies of Human-Environment Interactions in India

Editors Rukhsana Department of Geography Aliah University Kolkata, West Bengal, India Asraful Alam Department of Geography University of Calcutta Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Anwesha Haldar Department of Geography East Calcutta Girls’ College West Bengal State University Kolkata, India Lakshminarayan Satpati Department of Geography UGC-HRDC, University of Calcutta Kolkata, West Bengal, India

ISSN 1879-7180     ISSN 1879-7199 (electronic) Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research ISBN 978-3-030-49114-7    ISBN 978-3-030-49115-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49115-4 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and ret