Assessment of the Engineering Conditions of Small Dams Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process
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REVIEW PAPER
Assessment of the Engineering Conditions of Small Dams Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process E. C. Shin1 · D. H. Kim2 · J. K. Lee3 · J. K. Kang1 Received: 3 January 2019 / Accepted: 15 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Small dams managed by local governments in the Republic of Korea are facing operational difficulties owing to problems such as a decrease in the long-term storage capacity because of sedimentation and leakage, acceleration of aging, rapid lowering of water levels with seasonal rainfall and water usage, and the resulting deterioration of the overall integrity. However, the public demand for small dams has increased sharply for various purposes, especially flood and drought control. This paper presents a developed model for evaluating the condition of small dams using an analytic hierarchy process. Seventy-five earth dams in a province located in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula were chosen. Three major components of dams, i.e., embankments, spillways, and water intake facilities, as well as the overall condition of the dam system, were evaluated. The usefulness of the improved model and its differences from the existing method were verified using the t-test. The improved model was found to be relatively simple and easy to apply in practice, and it enables on-time action for further treatment or reinforcement. Keywords Analytic hierarchy process · Engineering conditions in small dams · Flood and drought control · t-test
1 Introduction Recently, cases of failure or collapse of small dams have been reported to be constantly increasing. It has been reported that dam failures are primarily related to leakage, piping, and overtopping due to heavy seasonal rainfalls (MIFAFF 2012). Reservoirs and dams in Korea are constructed per the relevant acts, i.e., act on dam construction and surrounding area support, and farming and fishing village maintenance act. There are over 17,000 dams that have multipurpose uses, such as municipal and industrial water, hydropower generation, flood control, and irrigation water. Of these, the majority of them, i.e., 17,531 or 99.5% of the reservoirs are used for agricultural purposes.
* D. H. Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
2
Plant Business Unit, Samsung C&T Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Hydraulic Structure Division, Korea Infrastructure Safety Corporation, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
The International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) investigated the failure mechanism of dams and released the following series of reports based on their findings: “Lessons from Dam Incidents” (ICOLD 1974), “Deterioration of dams and reservoirs” (ICOLD 1983), and “Statistical Analysis on Dam Failures” (ICOLD 1995). Statistics reveal that most failures occurred at earth dams; however, the height of dams is not considered to be a critical factor or linked to the likelihood of dam failures (ICOLD 1995). Recent studies have focused on developing a r
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