Assessment of the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for

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RESEARCH

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Assessment of the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation– Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX) instrument shows there is room for improvement Ivan D. Florez1,2* , Melissa C. Brouwers3, Kate Kerkvliet2, Karen Spithoff2, Pablo Alonso-Coello4, Jako Burgers5, Francoise Cluzeau6, Beatrice Férvers7, Ian Graham8, Jeremy Grimshaw8, Steven Hanna9, Monika Kastner10, Michelle Kho11, Amir Qaseem12 and Sharon Straus13

Abstract Objective: To assess the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using AGREE-REXD (Appraisal of Guidelines REsearch and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence Draft). Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: International CPG community. Participants: Three hundred twenty-two international CPG developers, users, and researchers. Intervention: Participants were assigned to appraise one of 161 CPGs selected for the study using the AGREE-REXD tool Main outcome measures: AGREE-REX-D scores of 161 CPGs (7-point scale, maximum 7). (Continued on next page)

* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53-108, 050001 Medellin, Colombia 2 Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Site, G2 Wing, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Florez et al. Implementation Science

(2020) 15:79

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Results: Recommendations from 161 CPGs were appraised by 322 participants using the AGREE-REX-D. CPGs were developed by 67 different organizations. The total overall average score of the CPG recommendations was 4.23 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.14). AGREE-REX-D items that scored the highest were (mean; SD): evidence (5.51; 1.14), clinical relevance (5.95; SD 0.8), and patients/population relevance (4.87; SD 1.33), while the