Assisting Victims of Terrorism Towards a European Standard of Justic
The large-scale terrorist attacks on 9/11 resulted in more attention being devoted to victims of terrorist acts. Discussions took place on how their needs could be best accommodated. The Madrid bombings in March 2004 gave further impetus to this process.
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Population Studies, 52 (1998), 201-213
Printed in Great Britain
Family structure and change in rural Bangladesh SAJEDA AMIN
Abstract. This analysis uses data from an intensive village study to investigate whether rising landlessness leads to increasing fragmentation and nucleation of families in rural Bangladesh. It was found that, even after rapid fertility decline, the elderly and women continue to rely extensively on family support. Although landlessness puts stress on intergenerational relations, a favourably low dependency ratio (elders to sons), brought about by the child-mortality decline of the 1950s and 1960s, has allowed the burden to be spread over larger numbers of sons than were previously available. A persistence of traditional living arrangements, in which sons form their own households in the homesteads of their fathers,
also contributes to retarding the process of family disintegration that is likely to be caused when farm size decreases and the role of the farm economy in a traditional peasant society diminishes.
The recent fertility decline in Bangladesh suggests
Poverty-induced change in family and fertility
that fundamental social change is underway.
rests on well-documented differentials in household
Several contraceptive prevalence surveys and a
living arrangement by landholding status. In rural
demographic surveillance system have shown that
Bangladesh, sons in landless households leave their
fertility decline began in the late 1970s or early
parental home earlier than sons in landed house-
1980s. Compared with other countries at similar
holds to form households of their own (Cain 1978;
levels of development, it is a rapid transition
Khuda 1988). Cain (1978) argued that, without the
(Bongaarts and Watkins 1995). Such a decline in
leverage of landholding, landless fathers have less
fertility invites explanations, including ones about
influence over the timing of a son's departure from
change in desired family size as it is driven by the
the parental household. Adnan (1993) extrapolates
transformation of the family as an institution.
from such findings to suggest that fertility has
Indeed, an intense debate has taken place con-
declined because sons can no longer be counted on
cerning that issue with Bangladesh as the battle-
for their elders' support, with the possible conse-
ground (see Thomas 1991, 1993; Cleland 1993).
quence that increasing landlessne
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