Towards Self-Adaptive IoT Applications: Requirements and Adaptivity Patterns for a Fall-Detection Ambient Assisting Livi
Fall-detection systems are an emerging part of ambient assisted living and consequently of the Internet of Things (IoT) application domain in general. Self-adaptive requirements are also an emerging part of these systems and will need to be inherent from
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Towards Self-Adaptive IoT Applications: Requirements and Adaptivity Patterns for a Fall-Detection Ambient Assisting Living Application Sofia Meacham
5.1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization [1] approximately 28–35 % of people aged 65 and over fall each year increasing to 32–42 % for those over 70 years of age. The situation is getting worse due to the situation that elderly people often have to stay alone for long periods of time either in their own home environments or in care homes. In this context, automatic fall-detection systems can enable triggering of an alert (manual or automatic) in an emergency situation, thus enabling help when it is required, reducing deaths from falls and consequently increasing the personal feeling of security of elderly people. There are several available fall-detection systems, each of which addresses some of the requirements, both for indoor [2, 3] and outdoor environments [4]. However, the self-adaptivity in these systems is still in a primitive form. On the other hand, a pattern-based approach to software engineering is an established and well-known method that has benefited many application areas and start from Christopher Alexander, a building architect, and his attempt to capture solutions to recurring problems [5]. Patterns allow us to benefit from previous experience. Their use is being explored in several complex systems areas such as Systems of Systems (SoS) [6]. However, their use for adaptivity is still limited due to the fact that areas such as self-aware IoT are at their early stages. In this chapter, we will explore a pattern-based approach for a fall-detection system, with emphasis on their adaptivity requirements. Specifically, in Sect. 5.2, the requirements to system design for the falldetection case study will be presented. The section will start with an overview of the case study (Sect. 5.2.1), and then describe the requirements gathering and
S. Meacham () Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 G. Keramidas et al. (eds.), Components and Services for IoT Platforms, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42304-3_5
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analysis processes (Sect. 5.2.2) as well as the resulting high-level system design (Sect. 5.2.3). The section will finish by identifying the adaptivity requirements (Sect. 5.2.4). In Sect. 5.3, the proposed pattern-based approach will be presented with dedicated subsections for the patterns that have been applied (Sects. 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.2, and 5.3.1.3). The resulting system design and implementation will be presented in Sect. 5.3.2. In Sect. 5.4, problems that have identified from the above requirements/design/implementation path will be analysed along with proposed solutions. In Sect. 5.5, the conclusions and directions for further research will be discussed.
5.2 Requirements to System Design: The Fall-Detection Application 5.2.1 Case Study Overview This case study was set in collaboration between Bournemouth Univers
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