Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People

Equal access to services and public places is now required by law in many countries. In the case of the visually impaired, it is often the use of assistive technology that facilitates their full participation in many societal activities ranging from meeti

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Related titles Assistive Technology for the Hearing-impaired, Deaf and Deafblind Marion A. Hersh and Michael A. Johnson (Eds.)

Marion A. Hersh and Michael A. Johnson (Eds.) with David Keating, Stuart Parks, Gunnar Jansson, Brian S. Hoyle, Dean A. Waters, Nicholas A. Bradley, Mark D. Dunlop, Michael May, Charles LaPierre, Elizabeth M. Ball, Tai Fook Lim Jerry, Han Leong Goh, Kok Kiong Tan, Gareth Evans, Paul Blenkhorn, Rüdiger Hoffmann, James R. Fruchterman, David Crombie and Roger Lenoir

Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People

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Marion A. Hersh, MSc, PhD Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8LT UK

Michael A. Johnson, MSc, PhD Industrial Control Centre University of Strathclyde Graham Hills Building 50 George Street Glasgow G1 1QE UK

ISBN 978-1-84628-866-1

e-ISBN 978-1-84628-867-8

DOI 10.1007/978-1-84628-867-8 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Assistive technology for vision-impaired and blind people 1. People with visual disabilities – Orientation and mobility – Technological innovations 2. People with visual disabilities – Means of communication – Technological innovations 3. Blind, Apparatus for the – Technological innovations 4. Communication devices for people with disabilities – Technological innovations I. Hersh, Marion A., 1956– II. Johnson, Michael A., 1948– III. Keating, David 362.4’183 ISBN-13: 9781846288661 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007931821 © 2008 Springer-Verlag London Limited Braille Lite, JAWS®, PAC Mate™, SARA™, StreetTalk™ are trademarks and registered trademarks owned by Freedom Scientific, 11800 31st Court North, St. Petersburg, FL 33716-1805, USA Windows® is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA SONUS-1XT , XT-1, iVOX, PURE, PURE Digital are trademarks owned by Imagination Technologies, Home Park Estate, Kings Langley, Herts. WD4 8DH, UK Ultracane™ is a trademark owned by Sound Foresight Ltd., Douris House, Roecliffe Business Centre, Roecliffe, YO51 9NE, UK Colbolt Speechmaster™ is a trademark owned by Cobolt Systems Ltd, The Old Mill House, Mill Road, Reedham, Norwich, Norfolk, NR13 3TL, UK. The trade mark is applied to a range of products including DialTalk, Sensa Cup Level Indicator, Talking Ear Thermometer TalkingSigns® is a registered trademark owned by Talking Signs Inc., 812 North Boulevard – Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA TalkingLights® is a registered trademark owned by Talking Lights LLC, 28 Constitution Road, Boston, MA 02129, USA TeleTalk™, DigiCite™, Responder™, Vindicator™, WorkCam™, or SpeakFAST™ are trademarks owned by Compusult Ltd., 40 Bannister Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland, Canada, A1N 1W1 LaserCane™ is a trademark owned by Nurion-Raycal Industries Inc., Station Square, Bldg ##2, Suite B, Paoli, Pennsylvania 19301, United States LeoBraille™ Display, C2 Talking Compass™, Colombus Talking Compass™ are trademarks owned by Robotron Group, 15 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Victoria 3166, Australia EZ® and EZ Access® are