Association analysis between agronomic traits and AFLP markers in a wide germplasm of proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Association analysis between agronomic traits and AFLP markers in a wide germplasm of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under normal and salinity stress conditions Mehdi Yazdizadeh1, Leila Fahmideh1*† , Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad2†, Mahmood Solouki1 and Babak Nakhoda3
Abstract Background: Proso millet is a highly nutritious cereal considered an essential component of processed foods. It is also recognized with high water-use efficiency as well as short growing seasons. This research was primarily aimed at investigating the genetic diversity among genotypes based on evaluating those important traits proposed in previous researches under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Use of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers as well as evaluating the association between markers and the investigated traits under both conditions was also another purpose of this research. Results: According to the phenotypic correlation coefficients, the seed yield had the highest correlation with the forage and biological yields under both conditions. By disintegrating those traits investigated under normal and salinity-stress conditions into principal component analysis, it was found that the first four principal components justified more than 59.94 and 62.48% of the whole variance, respectively. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis displayed three groups of genotypes under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Then, association analyses were conducted on 143 proso millet genotypes and 15 agronomic traits as well as 514 polymorphic AFLP markers (out of 866 created bands) generated by 11 primer combinations (out of the initial 20 primer combinations) EcoRI/MseI. The results obtained by mixed linear model (MLM) indicated that under normal conditions, the M14/E10–45 and M14/E10–60 markers had strong associations with seed yield. A similar trend was also observed for M14/E10–45 and M14/E11–44 markers in relation to forage yield. On the other hand, M14/E10–14, M14/E10–64 markers (for seed yield) and M14/E10–64 marker (for forage yield), had significant and stable association in all environments under salinity-stress conditions. Moreover, a number of markers showed considerable associations and stability under both normal and salinity stress conditions. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Leila Fahmideh and Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were m
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