Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and m
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls Josephine Sakkal1,2, Souheil Hallit1,3*† and Georges Nicolas1,2†
Abstract Background: Studies about the majority of the factors that may potentially influence the pubertal timing and menarche were controversial. The objective was to evaluate the association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and the complications that may happen later in life and the menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls admitted or not to the NICU at birth. Our secondary objective was to try to find, for the first time in literature, a correlation between respiratory distress at birth and the need of oxygen therapy with the age of the first menses in these girls. Methods: It is a cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted between January and March 2019. Our sample included all the 2474 girls born in Notre-Dame-de-Secours hospital, between 2000 and 2005; the sample consisted of 297 girls (97 girls admitted to the NICU and 200 randomly chosen to participate in our study with a ratio of 1:2 (1 girl admitted to the NICU vs 2 girls born in the nursery). Results: Asthma later in life was significantly associated with lower age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher mother’s age at menarche and a higher gestational age were significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls. When taking each cause of NICU admission as an independent variable, showed that a higher mother’s age at menarche was significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher number of days of phototherapy, a preeclampsia in the mother during pregnancy and asthma later in life in the girl were significantly associated with a lower age at menarche in girls. Conclusion: The timing of menarche seems to be associated with many factors in Lebanese girls that should not be disregarded by physicians. Keyword: Menarcheal age, NICU admission, Gestational age, Phototherapy, Preeclampsia, Asthma
*Correspondence: [email protected] † Souheil Hallit and Georges Nicolas are equal contributors to the supervision of this paper. 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Physiological age of puberty is influenced by many nutritional, metabolic, genetic and environmental factors [1, 2]. During the last century, a trend toward an earlier puberty and menarcheal age was noticed in girls [1, 3]. Many authors associated precocious puberty, which is defined by the appearance of the secondary sexual
© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, pro
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