Association between glucose variation and lower extremity amputation incidence in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a na
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ARTICLE
Association between glucose variation and lower extremity amputation incidence in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide retrospective cohort study Chia-Ing Li 1,2 & Hui-Man Cheng 3,4 & Chiu-Shong Liu 1,2,5 & Chih-Hsueh Lin 1,5 & Wen-Yuan Lin 1,5 & Mu-Cyun Wang 1,5 & Shing-Yu Yang 6 & Tsai-Chung Li 6,7 & Cheng-Chieh Lin 1,2,5 Received: 18 June 2019 / Accepted: 23 August 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Aims/hypothesis Elevated glucose level is one of the risk factors for lower extremity amputation (LEA), but whether glycaemic variability confers independent risks of LEA remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between visit-to-visit glycaemic variability and minor and major LEA risks during 8 years of follow-up in type 2 diabetic individuals aged 50 years and older. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 27,574 ethnic Chinese type 2 diabetic individuals aged ≥50 years from the National Diabetes Care Management Program in Taiwan. Glycaemic variability measures were presented as the CVs of fasting plasma glucose (FPG-CV) and of HbA1c (A1c-CV). The effect of glycaemic variability on the incidence of LEA events was analysed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results After a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 541 incident cases of LEA with a crude incidence density rate of 2.4 per 1000 person-years were observed. After multivariate adjustment, FPG-CV and A1c-CV were found to be significantly associated with minor LEA, with corresponding HRs of 1.53 (95% CI 1.15, 2.04) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.02, 1.77) for the third tertiles of FPG-CV and A1c-CV, respectively. In addition, these associations were stronger amongst older adults with longer diabetes duration (≥3 years) than amongst those with shorter duration (
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