Association between parental self-reported knowledge on soy and phytoestrogen and their children's intake of soy-based i
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association between parental self-reported knowledge on soy and phytoestrogen and their children’s intake of soy-based infant formulae—a cross-sectional study of Israeli parents Niva Shapira1 • Talma Kushnir2 • Ruth Brandman3 • Gali Katan3 • Lilian Tzivian4 Received: 16 January 2020 / Revised: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
Abstract Objectives Though natural phytoestrogen (PE) is a major factor in health authorities’ considerations regarding soy-based infant formula (SBIF), missing their concentrations may interfere with parents’ informed decision. Methods We performed an Internet survey investigating soy-related knowledge of parents. We built multiple logistic regression models adjusted for personal covariates for the association between parental knowledge on PE and children intake of SBIF and checked the effect of having children B 2 years old on this association. Results We enrolled 304 parents, 48.3% men, mean age 33.8 (standard deviation, SD 4.9), mostly with higher education. Of them, 76% had children under two years of age. Mean parental knowledge on PE was 9.83 (SD 3.28) from 20 possible points. Parental knowledge on PE reduced children’s intake of SBIF (odds ratio, OR = 0.85 [95% confidence interval 0.70; 1.02]). Stronger inverse association was found for parents with children B 2 comparing with those with older children (OR = 0.85 [0.67; 1.09] and OR = 0.68 [0.39; 1.18], respectively), although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Adding PE content to information on SBIF may support informed decision. Keywords Phytoestrogens Reproductive development and health Soy-based infant formulae Parental knowledge Consumption of soy products
Introduction Phytoestrogens (PEs), a group of estrogens receptor modulators, are substances of plant origin that are structurally and functionally similar to estrogens (Jargin 2014). Soybased infant formula (SBIF) contains PE of the isoflavone This article is part of the special issue ‘‘Market-driven forces and Public Health.’’ & Lilian Tzivian [email protected] Niva Shapira [email protected] Talma Kushnir [email protected] Ruth Brandman [email protected]
class in rather high concentrations. As a result, the plasma isoflavone concentrations in SBIF-fed children are increased up to 11-fold higher compared to those in adults consuming a soy-rich diet (Barnes 1995). SBIF has been used in the USA since 1909, especially for children with cow-milk protein allergies, lactose intolerance and other problems of the gastrointestinal tract (Westmark 2017). Though the concern regarding phytoestrogens was long 1
Department of Nutrition, School of Health Professions, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
2
Department of Psychology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
3
Member of ESOMAR - World Association of Opinion and Marketing Research Professionals, Brandman Institute, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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