Association of Ambient air Pollution with risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Association of Ambient air Pollution with risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study Lu Jia1, Qing Liu2, Huiqing Hou1, Guangli Guo1, Ting Zhang1, Songli Fan3 and Li Wang1*
Abstract Background: Ambient air pollution is becoming a serious environmental problem in China. The results were inconsistent on that air pollution was a risk factor of preeclampsia in pregnancy. Methods: Total 116,042 pregnant women were enrolled from 22 hospitals in 10 cities of Hebei Province, China from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The parturients were divided into preeclampsia group (PE group) and non-preeclampsia group (non-PE group). The data of air pollutants, namely, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 were collected from China Environmental Inspection Station. Results: Among the 116,042 pregnant women, 2988 (2.57%) pregnant women were diagnosed with preeclampsia. The concentrations of exposed PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in the PE group were significantly higher than those in the non-PE group, and they were risk factors of the PE group in the first and second trimester of pregnancy respectively. The concentrations of exposed SO2 and CO in PE patients and non-PE women were not different, but high concentration of these air pollutants were risk factors to PE in the second trimester. Conclusion: The exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3 were risk factors for preeclampsia in the first and second trimester of pregnancy, while only at high level, SO2 and CO were risk factors for preeclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Preeclampsia, Air pollution, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, Epidemiology, China
Background With the development of the economy, ambient air pollution has become a serious environmental problem. And people are more and more concerned about the effects of air quality on health. Studies have shown that air pollution can lead to serious harm to the cardiovascular system and respiratory system [1], and even increase the risk of cancer. Pregnancy is a special stage of life, during which the pregnant women are susceptible to various physical and chemical factors. In recent years, more and more researchers paid attention to the adverse * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
pregnancy outcomes caused by air pollution. For example, air pollutants would increase the risk of preterm birth [2], low birth weight [3], fetal growth restriction [4], and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy [5]. Preeclampsia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia had many adverse outcomes, such as pulmonary, renal insufficiency, cerebral disturbance, impaired liver function [6, 7], and increased risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, such as c
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