Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective population-based cohort study Li Shang 1,2 & Liyan Huang 1,2 & Liren Yang 1,2 & Longtao Leng 3 & Cuifang Qi 1 & Guilan Xie 1,2 & Ruiqi Wang 1,2 & Leqian Guo 1 & Wenfang Yang 1 & Mei Chun Chung 4 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to air pollution might affect term birth weight. However, the conclusions are controversial. Birth data of all term newborns born in Xi’an city of Shaanxi, China, from 2015 to 2018 and whose mother lived in Xi’an during pregnancy were selected form the Birth Registry Database. And the daily air quality data of Xi’an city was collected from Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. Generalized additive models (GAM) and 2-level binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on term birth weight, the risk term low birth weight (TLBW), and macrosomia. Finally, 321521 term newborns were selected, including 4369(1.36%) TLBW infants and 24,960 (7.76%) macrosomia. The average pollution levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in Xi’an city from 2015 to 2018 were higher than national limits. During the whole pregnancy, maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO all significantly reduced the term birth weight and increased the risk of TLBW. However, NO2 and O3 exposure have significantly increased the term birth weight, and O3 even increased the risk of macrosomia significantly. Those effects were also observed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. But during the third trimester, high level of air quality index (AQI) and maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO increased the term birth weight and the risk of macrosomia, while O3 exposure was contrary to this effect. The findings suggested that prenatal exposure to air pollution might cause adverse impacts on term birth weight, and the effects varied with trimesters and pollutants, which provides further pieces of evidence for the adverse effects of air pollution exposure in heavy polluted-area on term birth weight. Keywords Maternal exposure . Air pollution . Air quality index . Term birth weight . Term low birth weight . Macrosomia Li Shang and Liyan Huang contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10705-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wenfang Yang [email protected] Li Shang [email protected] Liyan Huang [email protected] Liren Yang [email protected] Longtao Leng [email protected]
Cuifang Qi [email protected] Guilan Xie [email protected] Ruiqi Wang [email protected] Leqian Guo [email protected] Mei Chun Chung [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Environ Sci Pollut Res
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