Association of dietary pattern and physical activity with lipid-related indices among Chinese population: a cross-sectio
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RESEARCH
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Association of dietary pattern and physical activity with lipid-related indices among Chinese population: a cross-sectional study Qiao Guo1,2 , Zuchang Ma2, Changan Zhu1 and Qiang Zeng3,4*
Abstract Background and objectives: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns, physical activity and lipidrelated indices in Chinese Population. Methods and study design: This study included 21,472 (72.3% men) participants aged 16 to 78 years. Data of anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and questionnaires were collected through a physical examination. Diet patterns were identified through factor analysis and five patterns were retained (“meat,” “highenergy,” “high-protein,” “healthy” and “traditional Chinese”). Physical activity was classified into low, moderate, or high. Abnormalities in lipid indices were assessed using the Adult Treatment Panel III criterion. Results: Higher factor scores of “high-protein” pattern and “healthy” pattern were found to be related to favorable lipid indices. Quartiles 3 and 4 of “meat” pattern showed increased risks of having elevates total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Participants with higher levels of physical activity showed lowest risk of abnormal lipid profiles. All the associations were equally established among men, while most were no longer significant among women. Conclusions: Higher physical activity level and a dietary pattern consists of high-quality protein foods, vegetables and fruits were associated with favorable lipid profiles, and these lifestyle factors were related to the risk of dyslipidemia in a sex-specific way. Keywords: Dietary pattern, Physical activity level, Lipid-related indices, Chinese population, Cross-sectional study
Introduction Dyslipidemia has become an important public health problem worldwide due to its risk of development of cardiovascular diseases and high prevalence [1–3]. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in China has increased rapidly in past decades [4], and cardiovascular diseases and events caused by dyslipidemia is expected to increase by 9.2 million between 2010 and 2030 [5]. Diet and PA are the two important controllable lifestyle factors in * Correspondence: [email protected] 3 Institute of Health Management, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China 4 Hefei, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
management of various chronic disease, the potential influence on lipid profiles of these factors are considerable [6, 7]. Good lifestyle habits including healthy eating habits and regular exercise have been known to be beneficial to various chronic conditions and diseases including dyslipidemia [8–15]. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension which recommended a diet to consume more fruits and vegetables and limited in saturated fats and cholesterol products has been proven to be beneficial to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level [8, 9]. Some other studies have r
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