Association of response rate and prevalence estimates of common mental disorders across 129 areas in a nationally repres
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Association of response rate and prevalence estimates of common mental disorders across 129 areas in a nationally representative survey of adults in Japan Norito Kawakami1 · Naonori Yasuma1,2 · Kazuhiro Watanabe1 · Hanako Ishikawa1 · Hisateru Tachimori2 · Tadashi Takeshima2 · Maki Umeda3 · Haruki Shimoda4 · Daisuke Nishi1 Received: 1 August 2019 / Accepted: 3 February 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective To investigate the association of area response rate with prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the 2nd World Mental Health Survey (WMHJ2). Methods The sample of the WMHJ2 was selected from community residents in 129 areas from three regions of Japan. The surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2015, and 2450 (43.4%) responded. Mental disorders as well as three disorder classes (mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders) were identified using the WHO CIDI/DSM-IV. Response rates and 12-month and lifetime prevalences were calculated for each area. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was conducted to associate area response rate with the prevalence of mental disorders, controlling for sex, age, urbanity, and geographical region. Results Area response rates ranged from 0.05 to 0.80 across the 129 areas. Area response rate was not significantly associated with 12-month or lifetime prevalence of mental disorder. Lifetime prevalences of substance use disorder were significantly lower in a survey with a higher response rate than a survey of the same area with a lower response rate. Conclusion Response rate may not strongly affect the prevalence estimates of mental disorders in a community-based survey of the prevalence of common mental disorders during a particular time frame. However, a lower response rate could be associated with overestimation of lifetime prevalence of substance use disorder. This needs further elucidation. Keywords Cross-sectional study · Non-response · Substance use disorder · Lifetime prevalence · Hierarchical model
Introduction Response rates (or, more precisely, response proportions) vary greatly among community-based mental health surveys. Among 15 of the World Mental Health Surveys (WMHS), it was reported that the response rate ranged from a low of * Norito Kawakami [email protected]‑tokyo.ac.jp 1
Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
2
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
3
Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
4
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
45.9% in France to a high of 79.9% in Nigeria [1]. A recent systematic review also found that the median response rate across 129 surveys was 77.1% (IQR 70.6–87.5%), with a minimum of 45.9% and a maximum of 99.5% [2]. There may be various reasons that each survey resulted in a very different range of response rates [
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