Guided Internet-Based CBT for Common Mental Disorders
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Guided Internet-Based CBT for Common Mental Disorders Gerhard Andersson • Per Carlbring Brja´nn Ljo´tsson • Erik Hedman
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract The Internet has become a part of most people’s lives in many parts of the world. Since the late 1990s there has been an intensive research activity in which psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), have been found to be effective when delivered via the Internet. Most research studies indicate that the effects are larger when some form of guidance is provided from a therapist, and unguided treatments tend to lead to more dropout and smaller effects. Guided Internet treatments often consists of book length text materials, but can also include other components such as audio files and video clips. Homework assignment is often included and feedback is given for completed homework. Guided Internet-based CBT (iCBT) has been found to work for problems such as depression, panic-, social anxiety-, and generalized anxiety
G. Andersson (&) Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linko¨ping University, 581 83 Linko¨ping, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] G. Andersson B. Ljo´tsson E. Hedman Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden P. Carlbring Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden B. Ljo´tsson Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden E. Hedman Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
disorders. There are many research trials in which participants have been recruited via media, and there has been less research conducted in representative clinical settings. Most research has been conducted on adults and in university settings with nationwide recruitment. There is a need for treatments and studies on older adults, children and adolescents. In conclusion, dissemination of the research findings on guided iCBT to regular clinical settings is warranted. Keywords Internet Guided self-help Mood disorders Anxiety disorders
Introduction Internet has become an integral part of our lives and with a few exceptions a majority of the population in the industrialized countries use the Internet daily to communicate and share information (www.internetworldstats.com). Within the field of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) clinicians and researchers realized early on that the Internet would be of great importance (Riley and Veale 1999), and psychological research involving the Internet started by the end of the 1990s (Barak 1999). A background to the study of Internet treatment is research on bibliotherapy, i.e. treatment based on self-help texts, which has been shown to have beneficial effects in studies on anxiety and mood disorders (Watkins 2008). In the 1980s computerized treatments were developed and tested (Marks et al. 1998), but i
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