Associations between body mass index, waist circumference and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and META-analysi
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Associations between body mass index, waist circumference and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and META-analysis Damiano Pizzol 1 & Lee Smith 2 & Luigi Fontana 3,4 & Maria Gabriella Caruso 5 & Alessandro Bertoldo 6 & Jacopo Demurtas 7 & Daragh McDermott 2 & Andrea Garolla 8 & Igor Grabovac 9 & Nicola Veronese 10,11
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Growing evidence reports that obesity might play a role in erectile dysfunction (ED), but limited knowledge is available. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of ED in overweight men and men with obesity. We performed a systematic review up to 01/04/2019 to investigate the associations between obesity and ED. Applying a random-effect model, we calculated the prevalence of ED, the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of ED by Body Mass Index (BMI) categories and the mean differences between ED and controls in BMI and Waist Circumference (WC). Among 3409 studies, we included 45 articles with 42,489 men (mean age = 55 years). Taking normal weight men as reference, the prevalence of ED was significantly higher in overweight (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.13–1.51; I2 = 72%) and in men with obesity (OR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.29–1.98; I2 = 79%). Adjusting our analyses for potential confounders, the results were confirmed in men with obesity (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.24– 1.72; I2 = 72%). ED was associated with significant higher values of BMI (MD = 0.769; 95%CI: 0.565–0.973 Kg/m2; I2 = 78%) and WC (MD = 5.251 cm; 95%CI: 1.295–9.208; I2 = 96%). Considering the high prevalence of ED among men with obesity, clinicians should screen for this clinical condition in this population. Findings from the present study suggest that reducing adiposity is a crucial approach in patients with ED who are affected by obesity. Keywords Obesity . Body mass index . Waist . Erectile dysfunction . Meta-analysis
1 Introduction Overweight and obesity are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health [1]. It is estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and
2016 [1]. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight and of these over 650 million were affected by obesity [1]. Obesity is a major public health issue related to several unwanted conditions and diseases [2–8]. Growing evidence is reporting that obesity might play a key role in male sexual
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09541-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nicola Veronese [email protected]
6
Zerouno Procreazione, Centro di Medicina, Venezia Mestre, Venice, Italy
7
Primary Care Department Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
1
Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, Jerusalem, Israel
2
The Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
8
Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, De
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