Associations between weight/shape overvaluation, sociodemographic features and BMI: 10-year time trends
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Associations between weight/shape overvaluation, sociodemographic features and BMI: 10‑year time trends Danilo Dias Santana1,2 · Deborah Mitchison2,3 · Scott Griffiths4 · Jose Carlos Appolinario5 · Gloria Valeria da Veiga1 · Stephen Touyz6 · Phillipa Hay7 Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose To investigate the prevalence of overvaluation across sociodemographic features and weight status over time. Methods The data included sequential cross-sectional surveys with representative samples of the adolescent and adult (15 years or older) population in South Australia. Five surveys that assessed overvaluation were conducted in the years 2005 (n = 3047), 2008 (n = 3034), 2009 (n = 3007), 2015 (n = 3005) and 2016 (n = 3047). Overvaluation was assessed by structured interview based on the Eating Disorder Examination. To examine unique effects of demographic variables on the likelihood to report overvaluation, and also to examine whether this varied as a function of time, a multivariate binary logistic regression was computed. Results Across survey years, participants who were more likely to endorse overvaluation were female (2005: OR 2.85, CI 2.04–3.99; 2008/9: OR 1.74, CI 1.50–2.01; 2015/6: OR 1.54, CI 1.34–1.76), had a BMI > 30 (2005: OR 3.93, CI 1.49–10.34; 2008/9: OR 2.22, CI 1.31–3.78; 2015/6: OR 2.09, CI 1.19–3.67), had left school (2015/6: OR 1.36, CI 1.14–1.63), and lived in the country (2015/6: OR 1.95, CI 1.69–2.24). Being in the oldest age group was protective against endorsing overvaluation in each survey year. There was also a main effect of survey year, with participants in the 2015/6 survey more likely to endorse overvaluation (p 30 kg/m2) increasing. In this scenario, where there is a gap in studies on possible associations between marital status, residence area, educational level and overvaluation, it is imperative to ascertain who in the community are experiencing these changes in overvaluation and its associations, or whether this growth has occurred homogeneously. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the relative prevalence of weight/shape overvaluation across sociodemographic features, namely gender, age, educational level, marital status, area of residence and weight status (low or adequate as well as high BMI) over time. As it has already been shown that eating disorder behaviours have increased in different sociodemographic groups [10], and considering the relationship between such behaviours and weight/shape overvaluation, it was hypothesised that overvaluation prevalence has increased in all sociodemographic groups between the years of research (2005–2016). We also hypothesised that there may be differences in overvaluation prevalence related to gender, specifically that it is more prevalent in women; however, these sex differences may be decreasing over time.
Methods Sampling procedures The data in this study were sourced from sequential crosssectional Health Omnibus Surveys. These were c
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