ATLAS hadron tile calorimeter: Experience in prototype construction and module mass production
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voted to the memory of Yurii Filippovich Lomakin
ATLAS Hadron Tile Calorimeter: Experience in Prototype Construction and Module Mass Production V. Yu. Batusova, Yu. A. Budagova, Yu. A. Kulchitskyb, M. V. Lyablina, M. Nessic, N. A. Russakovicha, A. N. Sissakiana, N. D. Topilina, and D. I. Khubuad a
b
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141980 Russia Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. F. Skoriny 70, Minsk, 220602 Belarus c CERN, Geneva, Switzerland d High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, 9 University Street, Tbilisi, Georgia
Abstract—This work reflects the long-term (1994–2002) experience of JINR in organizing and participating in large-scale international cooperation of research centers and industrial enterprises of Russia, Europe, and the United States in construction of the ATLAS hadron barrel calorimeter. Considerable attention is given to R&D works and quality-control methods; the role of the laser metrology developed at JINR in providing high-precision assembly of main calorimeter structural components (submodules and modules) is especially emphasized. PACS numbers: 01.50.Pa DOI: 10.1134/S1063779606050054
1. INTRODUCTION The ATLAS collaboration is concerned with preparing a multipurpose experiment for studying proton– proton interaction at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The parameters of ATLAS detectors make it possible to investigate a wide range of expected physical processes and to operate in the field of new unexpected physical phenomena [1]. One of the most important parts of the ATLAS installation is the Hadron Calorimeter with the socalled cellular structure: the scintillating plates (tiles) are fixed into a steel absorber and a tile signal is read out by wavelength-shifting optical fibers. Tiles are located in a plane perpendicular to the direction of colliding beams (Fig. 1). The calorimeter consists of three sections: the central section (barrel) and two additional sections (extended barrels); each of these sections is assembled of 64 wedge-shaped modules; the length and weight of the module in the central (barrel) section of the calorimeter are equal to 5.6 m and 20 t, and those of the additional sections are 2.8 m and 10 t, respectively. The module is assembled of submodules mounted with an adequate relative linear and angular precision on a common base—a straight massive beam (girder).
Design requirements for the calorimeter [1] are as follows: (i) a jet energy resolution σ/E = 50%/ E ⊕ 3%; (ii) energy linearity ±2%. It is also necessary to meet a number of stringent design requirements on the precision of the mechanical assembly of modules. The key requirement is the tolerance for the non-flantness for the module lateral surface (1.9 × 5.6 m): it should be less than 600 µm. This precision is high, and to ensure such a precision, one has to solve a difficult engineering and technical problem considering the weight and dimensions of the module and the specificity of its structure. As a matter
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