Atmospheric Disturbances in the Mountain Flow and the Problem of Flight Safety in the Mountains of the Republic of Adyge
This chapter considers airflow around mountain systems as a mesoscale atmospheric phenomenon. It presents a nonlinear stationary dimensional theoretical model of the airflow of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, taking into account characteristics of a rea
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Geographical Features of the Republic of Adygea 3 Theoretical Model of Mountain Air Flow 4 Airflow Disturbances Over the Mountains of Adygea 5 Flight Safety Problem Over the Mountains of Adygea 6 Conclusion References
Abstract This chapter considers airflow around mountain systems as a mesoscale atmospheric phenomenon. It presents a nonlinear stationary dimensional theoretical model of the airflow of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, taking into account characteristics of a real mountain terrain. The chapter further discusses the results of the calculations of the speed field of the airflow and general regularities of the origin and the scale of the rotary-wave deformation of the airflow over the mountains. The flow over the mountain greatly smoothed, and the rotor area completely disappeared. Flight safety indicators over the mountains of the Republic of Adygea for two types of aircrafts (light-engine and speed) were calculated on the basis of the obtained data. In certain conditions, flights for both high-speed and single-engine aircrafts can be considered dangerous. Keywords Atmospheric physics, Flight safety, Flow over mountain systems, Hydrodynamics, Internal gravity waves, Rotary-wave deformation, The Republic of Adygea
M. K. Bedanokov (*), R. B. Berzegova, and S. K. Kuizheva Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, The Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Murat K. Bedanokov, Sergey A. Lebedev, and Andrey G. Kostianoy (eds.), The Republic of Adygea Environment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_494, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. K. Bedanokov et al.
1 Introduction Among meteorological phenomena that have a significant impact on the operation of aircraft, atmospheric turbulence causing intense aircraft bumpiness is one of the most dangerous. The main reason for air current turbulence is contrast in wind and temperature fields originating in the atmosphere [1]. These contrasts create the following processes: – – – –
Airflow friction against the Earth surface Deformation of air currents by orographic obstacles Uneven heating of different parts of the underlying surface Cloud formation processes, which cause condensation heat separation and change the character of temperature and wind fields – Interaction of air masses of different properties, at the borders of which horizontal gradients of temperature and wind are very pronounced – Presence of atmospheric inversion layers where internal gravity waves can occur that lose stability under certain conditions All the processes listed above can operate simultaneously in the same or opposite direction and thereby increase or decrease the degree of atmospheric turbulence. When turbulence is classified, the reasons for its occurrence are usually taken into account, i.e., orographic (mechanical) turbulence, thermal (convection) turbulence, and dynamic turbulence. Orographic turbulence depends on the wind speed at the Earth surface, terrain unevenness, as well as on
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