Atomic Scale Dynamics at Surfaces Theory and Experimental Studie

Experimental advances in helium atom scattering spectroscopy over the last forty years have allowed the measurement of surface phonon dispersion curves of more than 200 different crystal surfaces and overlayers of insulators, semiconductors and metals. Th

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Giorgio Benedek Jan Peter Toennies

Atomic Scale Dynamics at Surfaces Theory and Experimental Studies with Helium Atom Scattering

Springer Series in Surface Sciences Volume 63

Series editors Roberto Car, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Gerhard Ertl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany Hans-Joachim Freund, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany Hans Lüth, Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany Mario Agostino Rocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy

This series covers the whole spectrum of surface sciences, including structure and dynamics of clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces, thin films, basic surface effects, analytical methods and also the physics and chemistry of interfaces. Written by leading researchers in the field, the books are intended primarily for researchers in academia and industry and for graduate students.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/409

Giorgio Benedek Jan Peter Toennies •

Atomic Scale Dynamics at Surfaces Theory and Experimental Studies with Helium Atom Scattering

123

Giorgio Benedek Università di Milano-Bicocca Milan, Italy

Jan Peter Toennies Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, Germany

and Donostia International Physics Center Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain

ISSN 0931-5195 ISSN 2198-4743 (electronic) Springer Series in Surface Sciences ISBN 978-3-662-56441-7 ISBN 978-3-662-56443-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56443-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018932184 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: He