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Atomic-Scale Electronics Beyond CMOS

Atomic-Scale Electronics Beyond CMOS

Mircea Dragoman Daniela Dragoman •

Atomic-Scale Electronics Beyond CMOS

123

Mircea Dragoman National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnology Voluntari, Romania

Daniela Dragoman Faculty of Physics University of Bucharest Magurele, Romania

ISBN 978-3-030-60562-9 ISBN 978-3-030-60563-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60563-6

(eBook)

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Preface

The fact that the number of transistors on very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, including microprocessors, is doubling every two years, a prediction known as Moore’s law is already a history. This prediction was valid for almost fifty years, but its predicted rhythmicity was lost when the dimensions of the transistors started to be lower than 14 nm. The reduction of transistor dimensions below 5 nm will be very difficult to handle, especially due to the high economic costs to produce equipments to produce VLSI circuits containing each billions of transistors at the level of mass production. Thus, increasing computing performances based on increasing the number of transistors in a chip will be no longer possible as soon as transistors reach the atomic scale. These simple facts inspired a large number of papers and predictions about the “catastrophes” accompanying the end of Moore’s law. There are concerns that many industries based on computation will suffer, since the transistors have reached the atomic scale. What will follow when Moore’s law is ended? Are the atomic-scale devices a barrier for further development of electronics? These basic questions are the subject of