Atoms, Molecules and Photons An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecular-
This introduction to Atomic and Molecular Physics explains how our present model of atoms and molecules has been developed over the last two centuries both by many experimental discoveries and, from the theoretical side, by the introduction of quantum phy
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Wolfgang Demtröder
Atoms, Molecules and Photons An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecularand Quantum-Physics
With 663 Figures and 43 Tables
123
Professor Dr. Wolfgang Demtröder University Kaiserslautern Department of Physics 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] URL: http://www.physik.uni-kl.de/w_demtro/w_demtro.html
ISBN-10 3-540-20631-0 ISBN-13 978-3-540-20631-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Number: 2005936509
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Preface
The detailed understanding of matter, its phase transitions and its interaction with radiation could be only reached, after its microscopic structure determined by the kind of atoms or molecules as basic constituents of matter had been investigated. This knowledge allowed the controlled optimization of characteristic properties of matter. Atomic physics therefore represents not only an area of important fundamental research, but has furthermore many applications which have essentially formed our present technical world. The understanding of materials and their use in daily life, has major impact of our culture and our attitude towards nature and our environment. This textbook is aimed as an introduction to the microscopic world of atoms, molecules and photons. It illustrates how our knowledge about the microscopic structure of matter and radiation came about and which crucial experiments forced an extension and refinement of existing classical theories, culminating in the development of quantum theory, which is now accepted as the basic theory of atomic and molecular physics. The book therefore starts with a short historical review about the role of experiments for correcting erroneous ideas and proving the existence of atoms and molecules. The close interaction between experiments and theory has b
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