Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Glossary
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Definition Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral chronic disorder, characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity, as well as forgetfulness, poor impulse control or impulsivity and distractibility.
Attitudinal Barriers Definition Attitudinal Barriers are pervasive negative perceptions and value systems that focus on a person’s disability rather than their ability and other valued characteristics. Attitudinal barriers may be present in societies, communities or in specific individuals.
Attributable Burden Definition Attributable Burden is the burden of some disease in a certain population which is due (is attributable) to some exposure. For example, 90% of the lung cancer burden for women in Serbia is attributable to smoking, which means that if smoking was eliminated the lung cancer burden in women would be reduced by 90%.
Attributable Risk Definition The proportion of disease that is believed to be caused by a particular exposure.
Audiogram Definition Patients’ hearing test results for each ear to pure-tone stimuli are plotted as a function of their ability to hear tones at varying intensity
(loudness) levels across different frequencies (pitches). Results are graphically depicted as thresholds or the softest levels at which the tones could be heard at least 50% of the time.
Audiologic Evaluations Definition Individuals’ hearing is typically assessed using a battery of clinical tests of auditory function. A typical battery would include a combination of subjective or behavioral tests where patients voluntarily respond to tonal or speech stimuli when presented by an examiner, or objective physiological measures where probes or electrodes are attached to patients that record the involuntary responses of their auditory systems to tonal, click, or speech-like stimuli.
Audiologic Performance Definition Hearing capability of a person, measured by means of different tests. Tests can include speech perception, word recognition, sentences, syllables, spondees, etc. Objective testing can be performed (e.g., brainstem response audiometry), as well as subjective testing, where a person actively has to react on stimuli. Results of auditory performance can be given in numeric scores, age equivalents or percentages.
Audiological Outcome Definition Hearing tests are given to the patient to measure the ability to hear sounds, words and sentences in quiet and in the presence of background noise. The results of the speech tests are usually reported in terms of percent correct scores.
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