Attenuation of Shock Waves in Reactive Materials
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USTION, EXPLOSION, AND SHOCK WAVES
Attenuation of Shock Waves in Reactive Materials A. Yu. Dolgoborodova, b, c, * aJoint
Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412 Russia Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia cNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] bSemenov
Received January 15, 2020; revised January 15, 2020; accepted February 20, 2020
Abstract—The results of an experimental study of shock wave (SW) attenuation in mixtures of magnesium and aluminum with solid metal oxides upon contact blasting of explosive charges are presented. Faster attenuation is found in reactive mixtures compared to homogeneous materials of similar compressibility and inert mixtures, which is related to the occurrence of fast reactions of components behind the SW front with an increase in the density and, correspondingly, unloading wave velocities. Keywords: shock wave, attenuation, termite mixtures DOI: 10.1134/S1990793120040144
INTRODUCTION Detonation of condensed explosives (CEs) leads to the formation in the environment of shock waves (SWs) that cause irreversible destruction. Protective structures made of various materials are used for protection against the effects of SWs and explosion products. To determine the effectiveness of the use of certain materials, information is needed on their behavior under shock loading concerning the laws of SW attenuation in homogeneous, porous, or composite materials of a different compressibility and structure. Various methods of attenuation of SWs at a considerable distance from explosive charges have been studied in detail (see, for example, [1, 2]). As for the attenuation of SWs in the near zone during a contact explosion, in most experimental studies of attenuation, various experimental settings, which were determined by the specific conditions for the use of certain devices, were used. The use of such data to obtain general regularities is rather difficult, since quite often in experiments there is non-dimensional loading or interaction with side rarefaction waves [3, 4]. The results of studying the attenuation of plane SWs under conditions of onedimensional loading using explosive charges or plate impact are presented in a number of works (see, for example, [5–7]); however, the data were obtained mainly for solid materials (metals, rocks, and some plastics) without taking into account the possible physical and chemical transformations of substances behind the front of the SW. During the shock compression of a number of substances and mixtures, various physical and chemical transformations can occur in them, accompanied by
effects that are useful in terms of the attenuation of the SW’s amplitude. Since the attenuation of strong SWs at the time scales characteristic of a contact explosion of the explosive charge occurs mainly due to unloading in the back and side rarefaction waves, the types of transformations t
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