Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder Sayaka Kawakami1 · Shota Uono2 · Sadao Otsuka3,4 · Sayaka Yoshimura2,4 · Shuo Zhao1,4,5 · Motomi Toichi1,4
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The present study examined the relationship between multisensory integration and the temporal binding window (TBW) for multisensory processing in adults with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD group was less likely than the typically developing group to perceive an illusory flash induced by multisensory integration during a sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) task. Although both groups showed comparable TBWs during the multisensory temporal order judgment task, correlation analyses and Bayes factors provided moderate evidence that the reduced SIFI susceptibility was associated with the narrow TBW in the ASD group. These results suggest that the individuals with ASD exhibited atypical multisensory integration and that individual differences in the efficacy of this process might be affected by the temporal processing of multisensory information. Keywords Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) · Sensory processing · Audiovisual · Temporal processing · Multisensory integration · Symptom Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013). Although previous research has examined the possible causal role of social and cognitive dysfunction in the social communication difficulties of this group (cf. Otsuka et al. 2017), more recent studies * Sayaka Kawakami [email protected] 1
Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara‑cho, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
2
Department of Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry, Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara‑cho, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
3
Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin‑kawahara‑cho, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8507, Japan
4
The Organization for Promoting Neurodevelopmental Disorder Research, 40 Shogoin‑Sannocho, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8392, Japan
5
School of Psycholgy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neurosience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
have proposed that these dysfunctions are influenced and/ or induced by alterations in lower-order fundamental functions (Baum et al. 2015; Elsabbagh et al. 2016). Atypical multisensory processing is among the candidate fundamental functions involved in the social communication difficulties in ASD. Multisensory processing confers many social and cognitive advantages. For example, the ability to detect and react to targets is enhanced by multisensory information (Brandwein et al. 2013; Juan et al. 2017). Observations of how a speaker’s mouth moves (i.e., visual information) help us understand what the speaker
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