Audio Watermarking Based on HAS and Neural Networks in DCT Domain
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Audio Watermarking Based on HAS and Neural Networks in DCT Domain Hung-Hsu Tsai Department of Information Management, National Huwei Institute of Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan 632, Taiwan Email: [email protected]
Ji-Shiung Cheng No. 5-1 Innovation Road 1, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan Email: [email protected]
Pao-Ta Yu Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan 62107, Taiwan Email: [email protected] Received 8 August 2001 and in revised form 13 August 2002 We propose a new intelligent audio watermarking method based on the characteristics of the HAS and the techniques of neural networks in the DCT domain. The method makes the watermark imperceptible by using the audio masking characteristics of the HAS. Moreover, the method exploits a neural network for memorizing the relationships between the original audio signals and the watermarked audio signals. Therefore, the method is capable of extracting watermarks without original audio signals. Finally, the experimental results are also included to illustrate that the method significantly possesses robustness to be immune against common attacks for the copyright protection of digital audio. Keywords and phrases: audio watermarking, data hiding, copyright protection, neural networks, human auditory system.
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INTRODUCTION
The maturity of networking and data-compression techniques promotes an efficient distribution for digital products. However, illegal reproduction and distribution of digital audio products become much easier by using the digital technology with lossless data duplication. Hence, the illegal reproduction and distribution of music become a very serious problem in protecting the copyright of music [1]. Recently, the approach of digital watermarking has been effectively employed to protect intellectual property of digital products including audio, image, and video products [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. The techniques of conventional cryptography protect the content from anyone without private decrypted keys. They are actually useful in protecting an audio from being intercepted during data transmission [1]. However, the encryption data (cipher-text) must be decrypted for the access to the original audio data (plain-text). In contrast to the conventional cryptography, the watermarking straightforwardly accesses encryption data (watermarked data) as original data. Moreover, a watermark is designed for residing permanently in the original audio data after repeated reproduction and
redistribution. Furthermore, the watermark cannot be removed from the audio data by the intended counterfeiters. Consequently, the watermark technique could be applied to establish the ownership of digital audio for copyright protection and authentication. An audio watermarking method has been proposed in [4] to effectively protect the copyright of audio. However, Swanson’s method requires the original audio for the watermark extraction. This kind of watermarking methods fails to identify th
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