Augmented Biodegradation of Textile Azo Dye Effluents by Plant Endophytes: A Sustainable, Eco-Friendly Alternative
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Augmented Biodegradation of Textile Azo Dye Effluents by Plant Endophytes: A Sustainable, Eco‑Friendly Alternative Burragoni Sravanthi Goud1,2 · Ha Lim Cha2 · Ganesh Koyyada2 · Jae Hong Kim2 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Textile industry consumes a large proportion of available water and releases huge amounts of toxic azo dye effluents, leading to an inevitable situation of acute environmental pollution that has been a significant threat to mankind. Decolorization or detoxification of harmful azo dyes has become a global priority to overcome the disastrous consequences and salvage the ecosystem. Biodegradation of textile azo dyes by endophytes stands to be a lucrative and viable alternative over conventional physico-chemical methods, owing to their eco-friendliness, cost-competitive and non-toxic nature. Especially, plant endophytic microbes exhibit promising biodegradation potential which has wired up the effective removal of textile azo dyes, attributing to their ability to produce dye degrading enzymes, laccases, peroxidases and azoreductases. Although both bacterial and fungal endophytes have been tried for azo dye degradation, endophytic fungi find broader application over bacteria. Despite of the advancements made in microbe-mediated biodegradation, there is still a need to fill the gap in lab to in situ translation of biodegradation research. This review concisely accentuates the xenobiotics of textile azo dyes and microbial mechanisms of biodegradation of textile azo dyes, positing plant endophytic community, especially bacterial and fungal endophytes as the potential dye degraders, highlighting currently reported dye degrading endophytic species.
Introduction Textile industry accounts for 7% of the total exports worldwide, generating nearly 1 trillion dollars and employing approximately 35 million workers globally [1, 2]. Despite of its impeccable contribution, textile industry stands as the major global polluters of the environment accounting for ~ 17–20% of the industrial water pollution by releasing untreated synthetic dye effluents into the surrounding water-bodies [3]. Generally, dyes are the organic related compounds known to impart color to a substance by virtue of their chromophore group. Synthetic dyes are unsaturated * Burragoni Sravanthi Goud [email protected] * Ganesh Koyyada [email protected]; [email protected] * Jae Hong Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 214‑1, Dae‑hakro 280, Gyeongsan 712‑749, Gyeongbuk, Korea
Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214‑1, Dae‑hakro 280, Gyeongsan 712‑749, Gyeongbuk, Korea
2
polyaromatic compounds soluble in water which superseded the natural dyes due to their ability to impart permanent color to fabrics. Textile synthetic dyes fall into different categories such as azo, anthraquinone and disperse dyes. Among these, azo dyes are the most prevalently (~ 80%) used dy
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