Autophagy in Health and Food Science
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FOOD FACTORS: MOLECULAR TARGETS, MECHANISMS, PHARMACOLOGY AND IN VIVO EFFICACY (D-X HOU, SECTION EDITOR)
Autophagy in Health and Food Science Satoshi Yano 1 & Jinyun Wang 1 & Taichi Hara 1
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review In recent years, the aging population in society has been increasing on a global scale, leading to concerns regarding increasing health problems. Preventive medicine plays a major role in extending healthy life expectancy in aging societies, and there is an increasing demand for functional foods that can be ingested for a long period of time before health is impaired. The aim of the present review is to briefly elucidate the role of autophagy in disease prevention and anti-aging. The application of autophagy in health promotion using functional foods has also been discussed. Recent Findings Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that contributes to the maintenance of health and prevention of disease onset by recycling intracellular components. Recent evidence has shown that autophagy plays a potential role in extending health span. Autophagic activity decline has been associated with aging, leading to the onset of various ageassociated diseases such as neurodegeneration. Conversely, animal models with artificially enhanced autophagic activity have demonstrated an extended lifespan while maintaining the ability to perform exercise. Therefore, the enhancement of autophagy is anticipated to contribute to health promotion. Although prior studies have described the upregulation of autophagy by food, several of them have not been evaluated using an appropriate method. Summary This paper focuses on autophagy, which is closely related to health maintenance and disease prevention, and summarizes recent studies on the function of food in autophagy and on extending health span from the viewpoint of health and food science. Keywords Autophagy . Anti-aging . Health promotion . Food factor . Disease prevention
Introduction The global aging population is emerging as a serious social issue. The rapid expansion of the aging population may lead to an increase in the number of unhealthy individuals with a concomitant decrease in the working population. This in turn would result in major socio-economic issues such as financial decline and spiraling health care costs. Extending the healthy life expectancy (termed health span; this would include individuals not bedridden, not suffering from dementia, and not This article is part of the Topical Collection on Molecular Targets, mechanisms, pharmacology and in vivo efficacy * Taichi Hara [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
requiring care) of the population is an effective countermeasure to these issues. Disease prevention is crucial for extending health span in an aging society. For disease prevention, it is vital to maintain health via health promotion or recover from the pre-disease state to a healthy s
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