Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea
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Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea BAI Jie1, GU Xiaoyao1, FENG Yuanyuan2, JIANG Wensheng3, JIN Haiyan4, CHEN Jianfang4, SUN Jun2* 1
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China 3 Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China 4 Laboratory of State Oceanic Administration for Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 2
Received 27 January 2013; accepted 25 April 2013 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract An investigation was carried out on living coccolithophores (LCs) distribution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from October 17 to November 24, 2011. A total of 223 samples from different depths were collected at 48 stations. Totally 18 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification. The maximum species abundance was found at the outside of Transect P. The dominated species were Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Helicosphaera carteri, and Algirosphaera robusta. The abundance of coccoliths and cells ranged 0–2 965.73 coccoliths/mL, and 0–119.16 cells/ mL, with the average values of 471.00 coccoliths/mL and 23.42 cells/mL, respectively. The LCs in surface layer were mainly observed on the coastal belt and middle part of the survey area. The comparison among Transects A, F, P and E indicated lower species diversity and less abundance in the Yellow Sea than those of the East China Sea. The highest abundance of LCs was found in transect F and P. The coccolith abundance increased slightly from surface to bottom in the water column, but the highest value of the cell abundance was observed in the depth of 10–30 m. Temperature, depth and nutrient concentration were suggested as the major environmental factors controlling the distribution and species composition of LCs in the studying area based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Key words: living coccolithophore, geographic distribution, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Transect P Citation: Bai Jie, Gu Xiaoyao, Feng Yuanyuan, Jiang Wensheng, Jin Haiyan, Chen Jianfang, Sun Jun. 2014. Autumn living coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(8): 83–94, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0481-y
1 Introduction The living coccolithophores (LCs) are important in the marine carbon cycle because of its specific carbonate counter pump mechanism (Sun, 2007). As one of the significant primary producers, the LC belongs to Haptophyta, Coccolithophyceae (Silva et al., 2007). The LC produce coccoliths consisting of calcium carbonate, and the coccoliths would subside after the cells die. 20%–80% of submarine carbonate sediments are formed by coccoliths (Baumann et al., 2004). Thus, coccolithophores play major
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