Averaged power spectrum density, fractal and multifractal spectra of Au nano-particles deposited onto annealed TiO 2 thi
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Averaged power spectrum density, fractal and multifractal spectra of Au nano‑particles deposited onto annealed TiO2 thin films Shahram Solaymani1 · Ram Pratap Yadav2 · Ştefan Ţălu3 · Amine Achour4 · Sahar Rezaee1 · Negin Beryani Nezafat5 Received: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work describes the morphology of titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films deposited by gold nanoparticles and produced at room temperature over Si(100) wafers. A direct-current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering process was applied for the sample preparation. Then, their three-dimensional (3-D) surface characterization was carried out by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Stereometric analysis was carrying out on the basis of AFM-data, and the surface topography was described according to ISO 25,178–2:2012 standard. As can be seen, the surface of sample #3 has the most regular topography (Df = 2.70 ± 0.01) with the most regular surface (Sq = 0.97 nm). The most irregular topography (Df = 2.83 ± 0.01) was found in sample #2, while the most irregular surface (Sq = 3.38 nm) was found in sample #1. Keywords Gold nano particles · TiO2 thin films · Multifractal analysis · Stereometric analysis · Atomic force microscopy
* Sahar Rezaee [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Physics Department, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Govt. P.G. College, Saidabad, Allahabad 221508, India
3
The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Constantin Daicoviciu St., No. 15, 400020 Cluj‑Napoca, Cluj County, Romania
4
Research Centre in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), LISE Laboratory, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
5
School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395‑5531, Tehran, Iran
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S. Solaymani et al.
1 Introduction Gold (Au) has been recognized as one of the most applicable types of metals due to its catalytic activities (Vigneron and Caps 2016; Ţălu et al. 2016). The quality of Au nano clusters’ catalytic activities was examined by Haruta et al. (Haruta et al. 1989). They deposited Au o3O4. Bi and Lu (Bi and Lu 2008) also introduced nano clusters on Fe2O3, NiO, TiO2, and C a variable polyol process for the synthesis of gold nanocrystals with high purity in order to provide a new method to control their morphology. In a review, Panayotov and Moris (Panayotov and Morris 2016) reported the unique properties of gold and its chemical effect on titania (Ti) supports. They derived thermal reactions and addressed nanoparticules on single crystal system. Along with these approaches, it is worth to remind that theoretical calculations are also reported in particular for Au nano-particles on T iO2 (Haruta 1997; Cosandey et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2005). The deposition of Au NPs on TiO2 is considered to be the most important model and
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