Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 Modifies Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, Exhibits Antifungal Activity, and Stimulates Growt
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Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 Modifies Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition, Exhibits Antifungal Activity, and Stimulates Growth of Tomato Plants Under Saline Conditions Daniel Rojas‑Solis1 · Miguel A. Vences‑Guzmán2 · Christian Sohlenkamp2 · Gustavo Santoyo1,3 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Salinity is one of the most important factors that limit the productivity of agricultural soils. Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have the ability to stimulate the growth of crop plants even under salt stress. In the present study, we analysed the potential of PGPB Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 to improve the growth of tomato plants and its capacity to modify its membrane lipid and fatty acid composition under salt stress. Thus, strain COPE52 increased the relative amount of branched chain fatty acids (15:0i and 16:1∆9) and accumulation of an unknown membrane lipid, while phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels decreased during growth with 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Importantly, direct and indirect plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms of B. toyonensis COPE52, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), protease activity, biofilm formation, and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, remained unchanged in the presence of NaCl in vitro, compared to controls without salt. In a greenhouse experiment, tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Saladette’) showed increased shoot and root length, higher dry biomass, and chlorophyll content when inoculated with B. toyonensis COPE52 at 0 and 100 mM NaCl. In summary, these results indicate that Bacillus toyonensis COPE52 can modify cell membrane lipid components as a potential protecting mechanism to maintain PGP traits under saline-soil conditions.
Introduction Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect agricultural practices, constituting a major global problem and affecting almost 1 billion ha worldwide [1, 2]. For instance, salinity has caused a loss of approximately 65% in wheat yield in moderately saline soils [3], because it affects almost all developing aspects of plant Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02069-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gustavo Santoyo [email protected] 1
Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‑Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
2
Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
3
Laboratorio de Diversidad Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio A1´, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58063 Morelia, Michoacán, México
biology including, germination, vegetative growth, and reproductive stages [4, 5]. Particularly, glycophyte plants like tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) are forced to induce their tolerance mechanisms against sa
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