Determining the antifungal activity and characterization of Bacillus siamensis AMU03 against Macrophomina phaseolina (Ta
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Determining the antifungal activity and characterization of Bacillus siamensis AMU03 against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid Touseef Hussain1 · Abrar Ahmad Khan1 Received: 7 November 2019 / Revised: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Plant pathogens caused severe economic losses to the agricultural farming. Members of the genus Bacillus are considered to be a natural laboratory for the production of biologically active molecules that are strong inhibitors for the growth of phytopathogens. GJ-01 bacterial strain was isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil and later identify as Bacillus siamensis AMU03 through morphological, biochemical tests and molecular sequencing method. Culture conditions provided for the biosurfactant activity was highest with surface activity had a pH of 7 at 37 °C during the 7-day incubation period. A significant level of > 50% pathogen growth was inhibited under dual culture and at 3% culture filtrate in food poisoning method. The chemical composition of the biosurfactant was elucidated by the use of Thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, and it was adjudged that the extract belongs to lipopeptides-surfactin class. This may help in future research studies in the area of diseases management strategies. Keywords Antifungal · Biocontrol agent · Charcoal rot · Lipopeptides · Bacillus sp.
Introduction Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid a fungus that persist in the soil is an important soil-borne pathogen with a wide geographic distribution and causes dried root rot, stem rot or charcoal rot of over 500 species of plants, including Vigna mungo (Black gram), Sorghum vulgare (Sorghum), Sesamum indicum (Sesame), Helianthus annuus (Sunflower), Cicer arientum (Chick pea), Glycin max (Soyabean) and Archis hypogaea (Peanut) (Srivastava et al. 2001; Jana et al. 2005). This is a major problem in the management of the disease. The pathogen usually affects the root fibrovascular system and basal internodes, which inhibit the passage of nutrients and water to the upper parts of the plant, especially in the regions with hot and dry weather situation during the crop season in India. Progressive wilt, premature death, lack of vigour, and underperformance are characteristic of M. phaseolina infection (Kaisar and Das 1988). This pathogen also * Touseef Hussain [email protected] 1
Plant Pathology and Nematology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP 202 002, India
causes severe damage to the crop till the maturity of the crop (Khan 2007). Soil-borne pathogens are difficult to control as treatment of seeds with chemicals does not assure the crop for long durations. In addition to contaminating the environment, it also leads to the development of resistant in the pathogen and also the evolution of new races. Nowadays, a substitute for chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents and plant products are getting attention in the integrated management of crop protection
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